Integumentary System

Question 1

The skin is classified as what type of membrane?

Answer 1

Cutaneous

Question 2

Functions of the skin

Answer 2

Protection, immunity, absorption and excretion, sensation, temperature regulation and vitamin D synthesis.

Question 3

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 3

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum and basale.

Question 4

Stratum corneum

Answer 4

Most superficial layer of the epidermis. Made of tough keratin.

Question 5

Stratum lucidum

Answer 5

Translucent layer of the skin which is only present in the thick skinned areas.

Question 6

Stratum granulosum

Answer 6

Layer of the epidermis in which keratinization occurs.

Question 7

Stratum spinosum

Answer 7

Layer of the epidermis which contains slender projections which connect it to the stratum granulosum above.

Question 8

Stratum basale

Answer 8

Deepest layer of the epidermis. The cells grow and divide and adhere to the basement membrane.

Question 9

Keratinocytes

Answer 9

Make up 90% of the epidermis. Formed in the stratum basale and are then pushed outwards. Secrete keratin to produce a waterproof layer.

Question 10

Melanocytes

Answer 10

Make up around 25% of the stratum basale. Produce melanin, which protects the skin from UV radiation.

Question 11

Dermis

Answer 11

Thicker layer of the skin. Composed of collagen and elastic. Contains nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles and glands.

Question 12

Hair

Answer 12

Keratinized filaments which emanate from hair follicles in the dermis.

Question 13

Hair functions

Answer 13

Protect the skin and help with the sense of touch.

Question 14

Arrector pili

Answer 14

Muscles attached to hair follicles. They contract to pull the hair upright.

Question 15

Nails

Answer 15

Compact, keratinized cells forming a thin, hard plate.

Question 16

Function of nails

Answer 16

Used to help manipulate objects, scratching and digging.

Question 17

Sebaceous glands

Answer 17

Oil glands. Secrete sebum into a duct connected to a hair follicle. Lubricates the hair and epidermis.

Question 18

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 18

Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature and eliminate some waste.

Question 19

Eccrine glands

Answer 19

Subset of sudoriferous glands that are present all over the body and are active throughout life.

Question 20

Apocrine glands

Answer 20

Subset of sudoriferous glands that are found in the armpits and groin and are active only after puberty.

Question 21

Mammary glands

Answer 21

Modified sweat glands which produce milk for infants.

Question 22

Ceruminous glands

Answer 22

Specialized sudoriferous glands that secrete cerumen. Cerumen traps debris in the ear.

Question 23

Free nerve endings

Answer 23

Nerve endings which lack a cover.

Question 24

Free nerve ending types

Answer 24

Merkel (tactile) discs, nociceptors and hair root plexus

Question 25

Merkel discs

Answer 25

Detect light pressure and surface topography. Found in the epidermis.

Question 26

Nociceptors

Answer 26

Detect potential or actual tissue damage; pain.

Question 27

Hair root plexus

Answer 27

Detect hair movement.

Question 28

Encapsulated nerve ending types

Answer 28

Meissner, krause, ruffini and pacini corpuscules.

Question 29

Encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 29

Nerve endings which have capsules on the terminal end.

Question 30

Meissner Corpuscules

Answer 30

Detect light pressure and low frequency vibrations.

Question 31

Krause corpuscules

Answer 31

Detect deep pressure, cold, low frequency vibrations and textural sensations.

Question 32

Ruffini corpuscules

Answer 32

Detect deep or continuous pressure, skin stretching and warmth.

Question 33

Pacini Corpuscules

Answer 33

Detect deep pressure, vibrations and stretch.