Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
Sebaceous glands
A
sebum that lubricates the skin and discourages bacteria growth on the skin
2
Q
Keratin
A
fibrous, water-repellent protein
3
Q
Melanocytes
A
melanin cells
4
Q
Collagen
A
fixable, fibrous protein material found in the skin and bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
5
Q
Mast cells
A
found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine
6
Q
Arrector pili
A
tiny muscle fibres attached to the hair follicles that cause hair to erect
7
Q
Ungus
A
fingernail/toenail
8
Q
Acne Vulgaris
A
acne; chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by overproduction of sebum around hair shaft
9
Q
Comedo
A
Non infected lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin
10
Q
Sebaceous Cyst
A
Closed sac with sebaceous gland that’s found just under the skin
11
Q
Seborrhea
A
Overactivity of sebaceous glands that result in overproduction of sebum
12
Q
Seborrheic dermatitis
A
inflammation caused by seborrhoea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of skin or scalp
13
Q
Seborrheic Keratosis
A
Benign skin growth that appears waxy, these growths can vary in colour
14
Q
Anhidrosis
A
Abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat
15
Q
Diaphoresis
A
Profuse sweating, normal condition when brought on by heat or exertion
16
Q
Heat rash
A
Intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead skin cells
17
Q
Hyperhidrosis
A
Condition of excessive sweating in one area or all over the body; can also occur during sleep
18
Q
Follictilitis
A
Hair follicle inflammation
19
Q
Trichomycosis axillaris
A
Infection of hair shafts in the armpit
20
Q
Hirustism
A
Presence of excessive body and facial hair in women
21
Q
Alopecia
A
Partial or complete loss of hair
22
Q
Clubbing
A
Abnormal curving of nails; can be caused by pulmonary or coronary disease/can be hereditary
23
Q
Koilonychia
A
Malformation of the nails where the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon; indication of iron-deficient anemia
24
Q
Onychia
A
Inflammation of the matrix of the nail resulting in the loss of the nail
25
Onychocryptosis
Ingrown toenail usually on the big toe, grows inwards and cuts the skin
26
Onychomycosis
Fungal infection of the nail, depending on the type of fungus involved
27
Onychophagia
Nail biting/cutting
28
Paronychia
Acute/Chronic infection of skin folds around a nail
29
Age spots
Solar lentigines/liver spots; discolouration caused by sun exposure
30
Albinism
Genetic condition caused by deficiency of pigment; missing enzyme that is needed for melanin production
31
Chloasma
Melasma/Mask of pregnancy is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face
32
Vitiligo
Skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes
33
Contusion
Injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin; characterized by discolouration and pain, caused by accumulation of blood within the skin
34
Ecchymosis
Bruise
35
Purpura
Multiple purple discolourations
36
Petechiae
Very small, pinpoint hemorrhages, result from high fevers
37
Crust
Scab (Collection of dried serum and cellular debris)
38
Erosion
Wearing away of surface
39
Macule
Discoloured Flat spot
40
Nodule
Solid, raised skin lesion
41
Papule
Small, raised red lesion
42
Plaque
Scaly, solid raised area
43
Scales
Flakes or dry patches
44
Verrucae
Small warts
45
Plantar Warts
Verrucae on the foot
46
Wheal
Welt; small itchy bump
47
Abscess
Closed pocket with pus
48
Purulent
Producing or containing pus
49
Exudate
Fluid; such as pus that leaks out of an infected wound
50
Cyst
Abnormal sac with gas, fluid, or semisolid material
51
Birthmarks
Pigmented: includes nevi, also known as moles, stork bites; irregularities in skin colour
Vascular: Caused by blood vessels close to the skin's surface
Capillary Hemangioma: Strawberry Birthmark
Port-Wine: Flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries
52
Types of Dermatitis
Contact: localized allergic response caused by contact to an irritant
Eczema: Persistent or reoccurring dermatitis
Exfoliative: Widespread scaling of the skin
53
Erythema + Types
Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
Infectiosum: Mildly contagious viral infection
Multiforme: Skin disorder from generalized allergic reactions
Pernio: Purple-Red inflammation
Sunburn: Skin cells are damaged by exposure to UV rays
54
Erythoderma
Abnormal redness of the skin
55
Exanthem
Widespread rash; usually in children
56
Dermatosis
Skin lesions or eruptions not associated with inflammation
57
Ichthyosis
Hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened and scaly skin
58
Lipedema
Painful fat syndrome, chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid under the tissues
59
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus; autoimmune disorder with a red scaly rash on the face and upper trunk, attacks connective tissue such as the joints
60
Psoraisis
Common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups where red papule covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks
61
Rosacea
Adult acne; tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels
62
Rhinophyma
Bulbous nose; hyperplasia of tissues of the nose
63
Sclerderma
Autoimmune disorder where the connective tissues become thickened and hardened
64
Urticaria
Hives; itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction
65
Carbuncle
Cluster of connected furuncles
66
Celluitis
Acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection in connective tissues
67
Furuncles
Boils; large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection
68
Gangrene
Tissue necrosis; lack of circulation to affected areas
69
Impetigo
Highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children
70
Necrotizing fasciitis
Severe infection caused by Group A Strep Bacteria
71
Pyoderma
Acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infections
72
Mycosis
Abnormal condition caused by a fungus
73
Tinea
Fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, and nails; also known as ringworm
74
Types of Tinea
Capitis: scalp of children
Corporsis: on skin
Cruris: genital region
Pedis: Athelete's Foot, btwn toes
Versicolour, fungal infection causing painless discoloured areas
75
Infestation
Dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue
76
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice
Capitis: head
Corporis: Body
Pubis: Pubic hair and pubic region
77
Scabies
Skin infection caused by infestation of itch mites
78
Callus
Thickening part of the skin on hands or feet
79
Cicatrix
Normal scar from wound healing
80
Granulation tissue
Tissue that normally forms during wound healing; tissue forms the scar
81
Granuloma
Small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis
82
Keloid
Abnormally raised or thickened scar
83
Keratosis
Skin growth (wart, callus) where there is overgrowth and thickening
84
Lipoma
Benign, slow growing fatty tumour
85
Nevus
Mole; small, dark, skin growth
86
Dysplastic Nevi
Atypical moles; can become skin cancer
87
Papiloma
Benign, superficial wart-like growth on epithelial tissue or somewhere else
88
Polyp
Mushroom like growth from surface of a mucous membrane
89
Skin tags
small, flesh-coloured or light-brown polyps
90
Actinic Keratosis
Precancerous skin growth occurs on sun-damaged skin
91
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Malignant tumour on basal cell layer of epidermis
92
Squamous cell carcinoma
originates as a malignant tumour of scaly squamous cells of epithelium
93
Malignant Melanoma
Melanoma: type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes, most serious skin cancer
94
Biopsy + Types
Removal of tissue for examination
Incisional: piece, but not all of lesion is removed
Excisional: Entire lesion and margin of surrounding tissue are removed
Needle: Hollow needle removes a core of tissue
95
Exfoliative Cytology
Technique where cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
96
Cauterization
Destruction of tissue from burning
97
Chemabrasian
Chemical peel; using chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin
98
Cryosurgery
Destruction of elimination of abnormal tissue cells
99
Curettage
Removal of material from the surface via scraping
100
Debridement
Removal or dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris to prevent infection
101
Dermabrasion
Abrasion using a revolving wire to remove acne and chickenpox scars
102
Electrodesiccation
Surgical technique where tissue is destroyed using an electrical spark
103
Incision
Cut made with a surgical instrument
104
Moh's Surgery
Technique to treat skin cancer; individual layers of cancerous tissue and removed and examined until a margin of clean tissue is achieved
105
Retinoids + Types
Class of chemical compounds from Vit A, used in skin care and treatment because of their effect on epithelial cell growth
Isotretinoin: acetone, taken orally
Tretinoin: Active ingredient in Retin-A and Renova, to treat sun-damaged skin, acne, and wrinkles
106
Topical Steroids
Treatment of skin disorder and diseases
107
Blepharoplasty
Lid lift; surgical reduction of upper and lower eyelids by removing saggy skin
108
Botox
Formulation of botulinum toxin that temporarily blocks nerve signals to reduce frown lines btwn eyebrows
109
Collagen Replacement Therapy
Soft tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines, or scars to make lips appear fuller
110
Dermoplasty
Skin graft; replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body
111
Electrolysis
Using an electric current to destroy hair follicles
112
Lipectomy
Surgical removal of fat
113
Liposuction
Surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction
114
Liposuction
Surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction
115
Rhytidectomy
Facelift: surgical removal of excess skin and fat to eliminate wrinkles
116
Sclerotherapy
Treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosing solution into the veins, causing the veins to collapse and disappear
