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Anatomy and Terminology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of hair and nails?

A

Extensions of the body which protect it from environmental damage.

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2
Q

What is the function of exocrine glands?

A

secrete sweat, oil, wax that help regulate body temperature.

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3
Q

What are 5 main functions of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Protection to UV radiation (thermal agents)
  2. Natural barrier to microorganisms
  3. Prevention of dehydration by reducing evaporation
  4. water proofing
  5. Synthesis of V.D
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4
Q

What are the 2 layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
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5
Q

What tissue composes the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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6
Q

What tissue type composes the dermis?

A

Thick layer of fibro-elastic connective tissue

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7
Q

What tissue type composes the subcutaneous tissue?

A

loose connective tissue with adipose tissue

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8
Q

What are the (4) layers of the epidermis in thin skin?

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum granulosum
  3. Stratum spionsum
  4. Stratum basale
    - Dermis -
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9
Q

What are the (5) layers of the epidermis in thick skin?

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale
    - Dermis -
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10
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Dead, keratinized stratified squamous cells.

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11
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

living cells that are filling with precursor to keratin (keratohylin) and dying as the move up
- basophil granules

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12
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Prickle cells and desmosomes

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13
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

location of mitosis

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14
Q

What is stratum lucidum?

A

clear layer between the corneum and granulosum layer of thick skin

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15
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis ?

A
  • Papillary dermis
  • Reticular dermis
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16
Q

What tissue type composes the papillary dermis?

A

loose areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers

17
Q

What tissue type composes the reticular dermis?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue with elastin fibers and collagen.

18
Q

What is the function of the papillary dermis?

A

Defences against infections (phagocytes)
Nerve fibers + touch receptors (Meissner corpuscle)

19
Q

What is the function of the reticular dermis?

A
  • Sensory
  • movement of the body (elastisity of the skin)
  • hydration of the skin (collagen bind to water)
20
Q

What tissue composes the hypodermis?

A

loose areolar connective tissue with adipose tissue

21
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis?

A

fat storage
insulation
cushioning
connects skin to underlining muscle + bone

22
Q

How is lipids stored in this system?

A

Stored in the hypodermis, adipocytes store fats within adipose tissue.

23
Q

What are the accessory structures?

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Sweat glands
  • Nails
24
Q

What is hair and what are the functions specific to hair?

A
  • Keratinous filaments growing out epidermis
  • protection, sensory input, thermoregulation, communication
25
Q

What does sebaceous glands produce?

A

Sebum - oil coats hair + skin

26
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

lubrication
prevent loss of moisture
antibacterial properties

27
Q

What are the two kinds of sweat glands?

A
  • Eccrine sweat glands
  • Apocrine sweat glands
28
Q

Where are eccrine sweat glands located and what are their function?

A
  • Palms, Soles, Forehead
  • secrete hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation
29
Q

Where are apocrine sweat glands located and what are their function?

A
  • Hairy areas (armpits, genitals)
  • produces a thicker sweat that is emptied into hair follicle
  • subject to bacterial decomposition = smell
30
Q

What are nails composed of and what are their function?

A
  • Densely packed dead keratinocytes
  • protects the tips of fingers and toes from damage.
31
Q

How is Vitamine D synthesized by the body?

A
  • Exposure to UV radiation
  • Cholesterol in skin synthesizes cholecalciferol which is then converted into calcidiol by the liver and then converted to calcitriol (active chemical of Vit.D) by the kidney
32
Q

What is eczema ?

A

Allergic reaction characterized by swelling, flaking, bleeding skin. Managed with moisturizers, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants

33
Q

What is the leading cause of acne and its common location?

A

Bacteria causing infections, in rich sebaceous glands area such as the face and back.
Also caused by overproduction and accumulation of sebum and keratin = clogged hair follicle.

34
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

Cancer of the stem cells in the stratum basale that undergo mitosis

loc: skin cells

35
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Cancer of the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

loc: scalp, ears, hands

36
Q

What is melanoma?

A

Cancer usually found in moles, uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. (worse)

Anatomy and Terminology (10 decks)

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