Integumentary system

Question 1

What is the function of hair and nails?

Answer 1

Extensions of the body which protect it from environmental damage.

Question 2

What is the function of exocrine glands?

Answer 2

secrete sweat, oil, wax that help regulate body temperature.

Question 3

What are 5 main functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 3

1. Protection to UV radiation (thermal agents)
2. Natural barrier to microorganisms
3. Prevention of dehydration by reducing evaporation
4. water proofing
5. Synthesis of V.D

Question 4

What are the 2 layers of the skin?

Answer 4

• Epidermis
• Dermis

Question 5

What tissue composes the epidermis?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Question 6

What tissue type composes the dermis?

Answer 6

Thick layer of fibro-elastic connective tissue

Question 7

What tissue type composes the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 7

loose connective tissue with adipose tissue

Question 8

What are the (4) layers of the epidermis in thin skin?

Answer 8

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum granulosum
3. Stratum spionsum
4. Stratum basale
   - Dermis -

Question 9

What are the (5) layers of the epidermis in thick skin?

Answer 9

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum basale
   - Dermis -

Question 10

What is the stratum corneum?

Answer 10

Dead, keratinized stratified squamous cells.

Question 11

What is the stratum granulosum?

Answer 11

living cells that are filling with precursor to keratin (keratohylin) and dying as the move up
- basophil granules

Question 12

What is the stratum spinosum?

Answer 12

Prickle cells and desmosomes

Question 13

What is the stratum basale?

Answer 13

location of mitosis

Question 14

What is stratum lucidum?

Answer 14

clear layer between the corneum and granulosum layer of thick skin

Question 15

What are the two layers of the dermis ?

Answer 15

• Papillary dermis
• Reticular dermis

Question 16

What tissue type composes the papillary dermis?

Answer 16

loose areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers

Question 17

What tissue type composes the reticular dermis?

Answer 17

Dense irregular connective tissue with elastin fibers and collagen.

Question 18

What is the function of the papillary dermis?

Answer 18

Defences against infections (phagocytes)
Nerve fibers + touch receptors (Meissner corpuscle)

Question 19

What is the function of the reticular dermis?

Answer 19

• Sensory
• movement of the body (elastisity of the skin)
• hydration of the skin (collagen bind to water)

Question 20

What tissue composes the hypodermis?

Answer 20

loose areolar connective tissue with adipose tissue

Question 21

What is the function of the hypodermis?

Answer 21

fat storage
insulation
cushioning
connects skin to underlining muscle + bone

Question 22

How is lipids stored in this system?

Answer 22

Stored in the hypodermis, adipocytes store fats within adipose tissue.

Question 23

What are the accessory structures?

Answer 23

• Skin
• Hair
• Sebaceous glands
• Sweat glands
• Nails

Question 24

What is hair and what are the functions specific to hair?

Answer 24

• Keratinous filaments growing out epidermis
• protection, sensory input, thermoregulation, communication

Question 25

What does sebaceous glands produce?

Answer 25

Sebum - oil coats hair + skin

Question 26

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 26

lubrication prevent loss of moisture antibacterial properties

Question 27

What are the two kinds of sweat glands?

Answer 27

- Eccrine sweat glands - Apocrine sweat glands

Question 28

Where are eccrine sweat glands located and what are their function?

Answer 28

- Palms, Soles, Forehead - secrete hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

Question 29

Where are apocrine sweat glands located and what are their function?

Answer 29

- Hairy areas (armpits, genitals) - produces a thicker sweat that is emptied into hair follicle - subject to bacterial decomposition = smell

Question 30

What are nails composed of and what are their function?

Answer 30

- Densely packed dead keratinocytes - protects the tips of fingers and toes from damage.

Question 31

How is Vitamine D synthesized by the body?

Answer 31

- Exposure to UV radiation - Cholesterol in skin synthesizes cholecalciferol which is then converted into calcidiol by the liver and then converted to calcitriol (active chemical of Vit.D) by the kidney

Question 32

What is eczema ?

Answer 32

Allergic reaction characterized by swelling, flaking, bleeding skin. Managed with moisturizers, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants

Question 33

What is the leading cause of acne and its common location?

Answer 33

Bacteria causing infections, in rich sebaceous glands area such as the face and back. Also caused by overproduction and accumulation of sebum and keratin = clogged hair follicle.

Question 34

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 34

Cancer of the stem cells in the stratum basale that undergo mitosis loc: skin cells

Question 35

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 35

Cancer of the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum loc: scalp, ears, hands

Question 36

What is melanoma?

Answer 36

Cancer usually found in moles, uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. (worse)