Endocrine system

Question 1

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

To produce and secrete hormones which act on specific tissues/ organs of the body.

Question 2

What is the difference between the endocrine and exocrine system?

Answer 2

Endocrine : secretes hormones directly into circulation
Exocrine : secretes hormones into a duct

Question 3

Explain the RAAS system?

Answer 3

1. A drop in blood pressure triggers the release of renin from the kidney into blood stream.
2. Renin then converts angiotensiongen into angiotensin 1
3. angiotensin converting enzymes then convert angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2 in the capillaries of the lungs
4. Angiotensin 2 triggers the secretion of aldosterone in the adrenal cortex
5. Aldosterone causes the kidney to retain sodium + water
6. Blood pressure is increased

Question 4

Explain the homeostasis of blood glucose levels when it is low ?

Answer 4

When blood glucose levels are low the pancreas will secrete more glucagon increasing glucose released by liver

And, pancreas will decrease the secretion of insulin causing a decrease in glucose uptake by cells

both = normal blood glucose level

Question 5

Explain the homeostasis of blood glucose levels when it is high?

Answer 5

Pancreas will decrease the secretion of glucagon also decreasing the release of glucose by the liver

Pancreas will also increase the secretion of insulin causing an increase in the glucose uptake by cells

both = normal blood glucose levels

Question 6

What are the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and what do they do?

Answer 6

Release and inhibit hormones which stimulate or inhibit the secretion of specific hormones of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland.

Question 7

What are the hormones secreted by the Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

Answer 7

• Growth hormone
• prolactin
  -thyroid simulating hormone
• adrenocorticopic hormone
• follicle stim hormone
• luteinizing hormone

Question 8

What are the hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis?

Answer 8

Antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

Question 9

What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland ?

Answer 9

tetraiodothyronine
triiodothyronine
calcitonin

Question 10

What hormone does the parathyroid glad secrete?

Answer 10

parathyroid hormone

Question 11

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 11

• Mineralcorticoids = aldosterone
• Glucocorticoids = Cortisol
  cortisone
  corticosterone
• Gonadocorticoids

Question 12

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 12

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 13

What hormones are secreted by the pancreas (islet)

Answer 13

• glucagon
• insulin

Question 14

What hormone are secreted by the testes

Answer 14

testosterone

Question 15

what hormones are secreted by the ovaries?

Answer 15

estrogen
progesterone

Question 16

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Answer 16

melatonin

Question 17

What hormones are secreted by the thymus gland?

Answer 17

• thymosin
• thymopoietin