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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 structures are part of the integumentary system?

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • glands
  • nails
  • sensory
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2
Q

What are the 4 functions of the skin?

A
  • protection
  • sensation
  • regulation
  • vitamin D
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3
Q

What 5 barriers does protection have?

A
  • mechanical
  • chemical
  • disease
  • water
  • light
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4
Q

What are the 2 layers of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
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5
Q

How does the body regulate body temperature?

A
  • sweat glands
  • blood vessels
  • insulation
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6
Q

Define epidermis

A

superficial
stratified squamous

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7
Q

Define keratinocytes

A

Keratin; a tough, fibrous protein

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8
Q

What other 2 functions does the epidermis do?

A
  • lamellar
  • 90% keratinocytes
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9
Q

What are the 5 epidermis layers of the skin?

A
  • basale
  • spinosum
  • granulosum
  • lucidum
  • corneum
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10
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A
  • 1 layer cuboidal/columar cells
  • stems cells are mitotically active
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11
Q

What cells lie in the stratum basale?

A
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel discs
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12
Q

What are the 4 functions of melanocytes?

A
  • pigment cells
  • 8% epidermal cells
  • skin color
  • protects againts UV light
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13
Q

What are merkel discs?

A

tactile sensory receptors

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14
Q

How many cell layers thick is stratum spinosum?

A

8-10

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15
Q

What are the 2 functions of stratum spinosum?

A
  • strength
  • flexibility
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16
Q

What type of cell is found in stratum spinosum?

A

Lagerhan

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17
Q

What type of cell is a langerhan cell?

A

phagocytic

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18
Q

What is the function of a langerhan cell?

A

ingest

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19
Q

How many cell layers is stratum granulosum?

A

3-5

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20
Q

What is happening in stratum granulosum?

A
  • apoptosis
  • keratin and lamellar granules
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21
Q

What is being released through keratin and lamellar granules?

A

lipid-rich secretions

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22
Q

Where is stratum lucidum only found?

A

thick skin

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23
Q

How many cell layers is stratum lucidum?

A

3-5

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24
Q

What is found in stratum lucidum?

A

flattened, dead keratinocytes contain keratin

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25
Q

How many cell layers is stratum corneum?

A

25-30

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26
Q

What cells are in stratum corneum?

A

keratin shedding and replacing

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27
Q

Define callus

A

abnormal thickening of corneum from friction

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28
Q

What is keratinization?

A

cells accumulate keratin from deep layers to superficial layers

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29
Q

Define Dermis

A

made of areolar and dense irregular tissue

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30
Q

What two sublayers make up the dermis?

A
  • Papillary
  • reticular
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31
Q

What does the papillary layer contain?

A

areolar
dermal papillae

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32
Q

what does the reticular layer contain? It’s 4 of them.

A
  • dense irregular
  • sweat and oil glands
  • hair follicles
  • nerves
33
Q

What layer does tattoo pigment get injected?

A

dermis

34
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer(hypodermis)?

A
  • layer below the skin
  • connects the dermis to the muscle
35
Q

What 3 pigments determine skin color?

A
  • melanin
  • hemoglobin
  • carotene
36
Q

What color is melanin?

A

brownish-black

37
Q

what color is hemoglobin?

A

pinkish-red

38
Q

what color is carotene?

A

yellowish-orange

39
Q

where does carotene accumulate?

A

stratum corneum

40
Q

what are the ABCDEs of skin cancer?

A
  • Assymetrical
  • Borders
  • Color
  • Diameter
  • Elevation
41
Q

Describe asymmetry

A

when the half of a melanoma won’t match

42
Q

Explain Border

A

the edges of an early melanoma is uneven, crusty or notched

43
Q

Explain Color

A
  • healthy moles are uniform in color
  • white/blue are bad
44
Q

Explain diameter

A

Melanomas are usually larger than a pencil eraser

45
Q

Explain Evolving

A

when a mole changes this points to danger

46
Q

Hair is on what type of muscle?

A

arrector pili muscle

47
Q

what are the 3 descriptions of hair?

A
  • shaft
  • root
  • hair follicle
48
Q

What is the location of hair?

A

everywhere except palms, soles, plantar of toes

49
Q

what is the location of sebaceous or oil glands?

A

hair follicles

50
Q

What is the 3 locations of sweat glands or sudiferous glands?

A
  • axillary
  • groin
  • throughout body
51
Q

What is the function of hair?

A

Guards

52
Q

What are the 4 functions of sebaceous or oil glands?

A
  • produce and secrete
  • prevents evaporation
  • keeps soft
  • inhibits bacteria
53
Q

What is the function of sweat gland or sudiferous glands?

A

release sweat and prespiration.

54
Q

What is the function of nails?

A

grasp and manipulate

55
Q

In the burn rule of 9, what is the head percentage?

A

Anterior :4 1/2%
Posterior: 4 1/2%

56
Q

In the burn rule of 9, what is the upper limbs percentage?

A

Anterior: 4 1/2%
Posterior: 4 1/2%

57
Q

In the burn rule of 9, what is the percentage of the trunk?

A

Anterior: 18%
Posterior: 18%

58
Q

In the burn rule of 9, what is the percentage of the lower limbs?

A

Anterior: 9%
Posterior: 9%

59
Q

Define Dermal papillae

A

thin top layer of the dermis (the inner layer of the skin)

60
Q

Define melanin

A

dark pigment

61
Q

Define keratin

A

tough, insoluble protein

62
Q

What 2 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum basale?

A
  • epidermal cells
  • stem cells
63
Q

What 3 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum lucidum?

A
  • only palms and feet
  • keratin
  • water-repellent glycolipid
64
Q

What specialized cell or structure is located in stratum corneum?

A

The shinglelike dead cell remnants filled with keratin, called cornified/ horny cells

65
Q

What 2 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum spinosum?

A
  • stem cells
  • thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin
66
Q

What 3 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum granulosum?

A
  • stem cells
  • cytoplasm full of granules
  • cells deteriorating
67
Q

2 tissues found in the dermis?

A
  • areolar
  • dense regular
68
Q

2 layers that make the dermis?

A
  • papillary layer
  • reticular layer
69
Q

the papillary/reticular layer are composed of what tissue?

A

Areolar
Dense irregular

70
Q

What 2 glands are found in the dermis?

A
  • sebaceous glands
  • sweat glands
71
Q

2 functions of sebaceous gland?

A
  • make sebum
  • lubricate
72
Q

2 types of sweat glands?

A
  • eccrine
  • apocrine
73
Q

function of eccrine gland?

A

produce sweat

74
Q

function of apocrine gland?

A
  • ducts empty into hair follicules
  • armpit and genital area
75
Q

What is the name of the layer that lies underneath the skin?

A

hypodermis

76
Q

Hypodermis is composed of what?

A

adipose fat tissue

77
Q

5 appendages of the skin?

A
  • sebaceous glands
  • sweat glands
  • hair
  • hair follicles
  • nails
78
Q

function of the skin?

A
  • Protects
  • helps heat loss or heat retencion
  • excretes urea/uric acid
  • synthesizes vitamin D

Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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