Integumentary system Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
What 5 structures are part of the integumentary system?
A
- skin
- hair
- glands
- nails
- sensory
2
Q
What are the 4 functions of the skin?
A
- protection
- sensation
- regulation
- vitamin D
3
Q
What 5 barriers does protection have?
A
- mechanical
- chemical
- disease
- water
- light
4
Q
What are the 2 layers of the skin?
A
- Epidermis
- Dermis
5
Q
How does the body regulate body temperature?
A
- sweat glands
- blood vessels
- insulation
6
Q
Define epidermis
A
superficial
stratified squamous
7
Q
Define keratinocytes
A
Keratin; a tough, fibrous protein
8
Q
What other 2 functions does the epidermis do?
A
- lamellar
- 90% keratinocytes
9
Q
What are the 5 epidermis layers of the skin?
A
- basale
- spinosum
- granulosum
- lucidum
- corneum
10
Q
What is the stratum basale?
A
- 1 layer cuboidal/columar cells
- stems cells are mitotically active
11
Q
What cells lie in the stratum basale?
A
- Melanocytes
- Merkel discs
12
Q
What are the 4 functions of melanocytes?
A
- pigment cells
- 8% epidermal cells
- skin color
- protects againts UV light
13
Q
What are merkel discs?
A
tactile sensory receptors
14
Q
How many cell layers thick is stratum spinosum?
A
8-10
15
Q
What are the 2 functions of stratum spinosum?
A
- strength
- flexibility
16
Q
What type of cell is found in stratum spinosum?
A
Lagerhan
17
Q
What type of cell is a langerhan cell?
A
phagocytic
18
Q
What is the function of a langerhan cell?
A
ingest
19
Q
How many cell layers is stratum granulosum?
A
3-5
20
Q
What is happening in stratum granulosum?
A
- apoptosis
- keratin and lamellar granules
21
Q
What is being released through keratin and lamellar granules?
A
lipid-rich secretions
22
Q
Where is stratum lucidum only found?
A
thick skin
23
Q
How many cell layers is stratum lucidum?
A
3-5
24
Q
What is found in stratum lucidum?
A
flattened, dead keratinocytes contain keratin
25
How many cell layers is stratum corneum?
25-30
26
What cells are in stratum corneum?
keratin shedding and replacing
27
Define callus
abnormal thickening of corneum from friction
28
What is keratinization?
cells accumulate keratin from deep layers to superficial layers
29
Define Dermis
made of areolar and dense irregular tissue
30
What two sublayers make up the dermis?
* Papillary
* reticular
31
What does the papillary layer contain?
areolar
dermal papillae
32
what does the reticular layer contain? It's 4 of them.
* dense irregular
* sweat and oil glands
* hair follicles
* nerves
33
What layer does tattoo pigment get injected?
dermis
34
What is the subcutaneous layer(hypodermis)?
* layer below the skin
* connects the dermis to the muscle
35
What 3 pigments determine skin color?
* melanin
* hemoglobin
* carotene
36
What color is melanin?
brownish-black
37
what color is hemoglobin?
pinkish-red
38
what color is carotene?
yellowish-orange
39
where does carotene accumulate?
stratum corneum
40
what are the ABCDEs of skin cancer?
* Assymetrical
* Borders
* Color
* Diameter
* Elevation
41
Describe asymmetry
when the half of a melanoma won't match
42
Explain Border
the edges of an early melanoma is uneven, crusty or notched
43
Explain Color
* healthy moles are uniform in color
* white/blue are bad
44
Explain diameter
Melanomas are usually larger than a pencil eraser
45
Explain Evolving
when a mole changes this points to danger
46
Hair is on what type of muscle?
arrector pili muscle
47
what are the 3 descriptions of hair?
* shaft
* root
* hair follicle
48
What is the location of hair?
everywhere except palms, soles, plantar of toes
49
what is the location of sebaceous or oil glands?
hair follicles
50
What is the 3 locations of sweat glands or sudiferous glands?
* axillary
* groin
* throughout body
51
What is the function of hair?
Guards
52
What are the 4 functions of sebaceous or oil glands?
* produce and secrete
* prevents evaporation
* keeps soft
* inhibits bacteria
53
What is the function of sweat gland or sudiferous glands?
release sweat and prespiration.
54
What is the function of nails?
grasp and manipulate
55
In the burn rule of 9, what is the head percentage?
Anterior :4 1/2%
Posterior: 4 1/2%
56
In the burn rule of 9, what is the upper limbs percentage?
Anterior: 4 1/2%
Posterior: 4 1/2%
57
In the burn rule of 9, what is the percentage of the trunk?
Anterior: 18%
Posterior: 18%
58
In the burn rule of 9, what is the percentage of the lower limbs?
Anterior: 9%
Posterior: 9%
59
Define Dermal papillae
thin top layer of the dermis (the inner layer of the skin)
60
Define melanin
dark pigment
61
Define keratin
tough, insoluble protein
62
What 2 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum basale?
* epidermal cells
* stem cells
63
What 3 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum lucidum?
* only palms and feet
* keratin
* water-repellent glycolipid
64
What specialized cell or structure is located in stratum corneum?
The shinglelike dead cell remnants filled with keratin, called cornified/ horny cells
65
What 2 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum spinosum?
* stem cells
* thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin
66
What 3 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum granulosum?
* stem cells
* cytoplasm full of granules
* cells deteriorating
67
2 tissues found in the dermis?
* areolar
* dense regular
68
2 layers that make the dermis?
* papillary layer
* reticular layer
69
the papillary/reticular layer are composed of what tissue?
Areolar
Dense irregular
70
What 2 glands are found in the dermis?
* sebaceous glands
* sweat glands
71
2 functions of sebaceous gland?
* make sebum
* lubricate
72
2 types of sweat glands?
* eccrine
* apocrine
73
function of eccrine gland?
produce sweat
74
function of apocrine gland?
* ducts empty into hair follicules
* armpit and genital area
75
What is the name of the layer that lies underneath the skin?
hypodermis
76
Hypodermis is composed of what?
adipose fat tissue
77
5 appendages of the skin?
* sebaceous glands
* sweat glands
* hair
* hair follicles
* nails
78
function of the skin?
* Protects
* helps heat loss or heat retencion
* excretes urea/uric acid
* synthesizes vitamin D
