Integumentary system Flashcards
What 5 structures are part of the integumentary system?
- skin
- hair
- glands
- nails
- sensory
What are the 4 functions of the skin?
- protection
- sensation
- regulation
- vitamin D
What 5 barriers does protection have?
- mechanical
- chemical
- disease
- water
- light
What are the 2 layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
How does the body regulate body temperature?
- sweat glands
- blood vessels
- insulation
Define epidermis
superficial
stratified squamous
Define keratinocytes
Keratin; a tough, fibrous protein
What other 2 functions does the epidermis do?
- lamellar
- 90% keratinocytes
What are the 5 epidermis layers of the skin?
- basale
- spinosum
- granulosum
- lucidum
- corneum
What is the stratum basale?
- 1 layer cuboidal/columar cells
- stems cells are mitotically active
What cells lie in the stratum basale?
- Melanocytes
- Merkel discs
What are the 4 functions of melanocytes?
- pigment cells
- 8% epidermal cells
- skin color
- protects againts UV light
What are merkel discs?
tactile sensory receptors
How many cell layers thick is stratum spinosum?
8-10
What are the 2 functions of stratum spinosum?
- strength
- flexibility
What type of cell is found in stratum spinosum?
Lagerhan
What type of cell is a langerhan cell?
phagocytic
What is the function of a langerhan cell?
ingest
How many cell layers is stratum granulosum?
3-5
What is happening in stratum granulosum?
- apoptosis
- keratin and lamellar granules
What is being released through keratin and lamellar granules?
lipid-rich secretions
Where is stratum lucidum only found?
thick skin
How many cell layers is stratum lucidum?
3-5
What is found in stratum lucidum?
flattened, dead keratinocytes contain keratin
How many cell layers is stratum corneum?
25-30
What cells are in stratum corneum?
keratin shedding and replacing
Define callus
abnormal thickening of corneum from friction
What is keratinization?
cells accumulate keratin from deep layers to superficial layers
Define Dermis
made of areolar and dense irregular tissue
What two sublayers make up the dermis?
- Papillary
- reticular
What does the papillary layer contain?
areolar
dermal papillae
what does the reticular layer contain? It’s 4 of them.
- dense irregular
- sweat and oil glands
- hair follicles
- nerves
What layer does tattoo pigment get injected?
dermis
What is the subcutaneous layer(hypodermis)?
- layer below the skin
- connects the dermis to the muscle
What 3 pigments determine skin color?
- melanin
- hemoglobin
- carotene
What color is melanin?
brownish-black
what color is hemoglobin?
pinkish-red
what color is carotene?
yellowish-orange
where does carotene accumulate?
stratum corneum
what are the ABCDEs of skin cancer?
- Assymetrical
- Borders
- Color
- Diameter
- Elevation
Describe asymmetry
when the half of a melanoma won’t match
Explain Border
the edges of an early melanoma is uneven, crusty or notched
Explain Color
- healthy moles are uniform in color
- white/blue are bad
Explain diameter
Melanomas are usually larger than a pencil eraser
Explain Evolving
when a mole changes this points to danger
Hair is on what type of muscle?
arrector pili muscle
what are the 3 descriptions of hair?
- shaft
- root
- hair follicle
What is the location of hair?
everywhere except palms, soles, plantar of toes
what is the location of sebaceous or oil glands?
hair follicles
What is the 3 locations of sweat glands or sudiferous glands?
- axillary
- groin
- throughout body
What is the function of hair?
Guards
What are the 4 functions of sebaceous or oil glands?
- produce and secrete
- prevents evaporation
- keeps soft
- inhibits bacteria
What is the function of sweat gland or sudiferous glands?
release sweat and prespiration.
What is the function of nails?
grasp and manipulate
In the burn rule of 9, what is the head percentage?
Anterior :4 1/2%
Posterior: 4 1/2%
In the burn rule of 9, what is the upper limbs percentage?
Anterior: 4 1/2%
Posterior: 4 1/2%
In the burn rule of 9, what is the percentage of the trunk?
Anterior: 18%
Posterior: 18%
In the burn rule of 9, what is the percentage of the lower limbs?
Anterior: 9%
Posterior: 9%
Define Dermal papillae
thin top layer of the dermis (the inner layer of the skin)
Define melanin
dark pigment
Define keratin
tough, insoluble protein
What 2 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum basale?
- epidermal cells
- stem cells
What 3 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum lucidum?
- only palms and feet
- keratin
- water-repellent glycolipid
What specialized cell or structure is located in stratum corneum?
The shinglelike dead cell remnants filled with keratin, called cornified/ horny cells
What 2 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum spinosum?
- stem cells
- thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin
What 3 specialized cells or structures are located in stratum granulosum?
- stem cells
- cytoplasm full of granules
- cells deteriorating
2 tissues found in the dermis?
- areolar
- dense regular
2 layers that make the dermis?
- papillary layer
- reticular layer
the papillary/reticular layer are composed of what tissue?
Areolar
Dense irregular
What 2 glands are found in the dermis?
- sebaceous glands
- sweat glands
2 functions of sebaceous gland?
- make sebum
- lubricate
2 types of sweat glands?
- eccrine
- apocrine
function of eccrine gland?
produce sweat
function of apocrine gland?
- ducts empty into hair follicules
- armpit and genital area
What is the name of the layer that lies underneath the skin?
hypodermis
Hypodermis is composed of what?
adipose fat tissue
5 appendages of the skin?
- sebaceous glands
- sweat glands
- hair
- hair follicles
- nails
function of the skin?
- Protects
- helps heat loss or heat retencion
- excretes urea/uric acid
- synthesizes vitamin D
