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Anatomy & Physiology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Define diffusion

A

higher concentration to lower concentration

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2
Q

Define Osmosis

A

from a higher H2O concentration to a lower H2O concentration

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3
Q

Define Endocytosis

A

movement into the cell

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4
Q

Define Exocytosis

A

movement out of the cell

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5
Q

Define Mitosis

A

cell division

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6
Q

Define Cytokineses

A

division of cytoplasm after the nucleus has divided

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7
Q

Define Centromere

A

button-like body holding sister chromatids together; also, the site of attachment to the mitotic spindle

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8
Q

Define Chromatin

A

the structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors (genes)

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9
Q

Define Chromosome

A

barlike coiled chromatin

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10
Q

Define Hemolysis

A

the rupture of erythrocytes

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11
Q

How Does Movement of Materials across a Cell Membrane Occur?

A
  • Passive transport
  • Active
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12
Q

What is passive transport?

A

the movement from an area of high to low concentration

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13
Q

What type of energy is used to move molecules or ions in a passive transport?

A

Kinetic energy

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14
Q

What is Active transport?

A

movement of molecule from an area of low concentration
high concentration

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15
Q

What kind of energy is required in active transport?

A

ATP

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16
Q

What molecule makes of the basic framework of the plasma membrane?

A

phospholipid

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17
Q

What other molecules are found within the cell membrane?

A

proteins, glycolipids, cholesterol

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18
Q

Define facilitated diffusion

A

A carrier (transport protein in the membrane) is required for
diffusion of certain molecules across a membrane

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19
Q

Define Filtration

A

a high-pressure area to a lower-pressure area

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20
Q

What is an Isotonic solution?

A

equal amount of water inside and outside the cell

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21
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

more movement of water into the cell

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22
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

more water movement out of the cell

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23
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

cell eating

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24
Q

Define pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

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25
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A

Organelle that gives shape to the cell

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26
Q

What three filaments does the Cytoskeleton have?

A
  • Microtubule
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microfilaments
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27
Q

Why are microtubules important?

A

they form the mitotic spindle during mitosis

28
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis of products used within the cell

29
Q

Where can ribosomes be found?

A
  • Roaming free
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
30
Q

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Protein synthesis of products exported out of the cell or incorporated into the plasma membrane

31
Q

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

transports of substancesm, such as proteins, within the cytoplasm

32
Q

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid synthesis

33
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

detox

34
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Modifies, packages, secretes lipids and proteins

35
Q

What does the Motichondria do?

A

Produce ATP

36
Q

What does lysosomes do?

A

Digestion of carbohydrates, lipid, proteins, old cellular debris, wastes, and pathogens

37
Q

What do Peroxisomes do?

A

Smaller than lysosomes and breakdown fatty acids and amino acids. Form hydrogen peroxide in the chemical reaction used to breakdown molecules

38
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

Microtubule organizing center; responsible for mitotic spindle
formation

39
Q

The Nucleus is composed of what four things?

A
  • Nuclear membrane(envelope)
  • Nucleoplasma
  • Nucleolus
  • Chromosomes
40
Q

What is the nuclear membrane?

A

Composed of a double phospholipid bilayer

41
Q

What is nucleoplasma?

A

fluid like substance within the nucleus

42
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

concentrated area of RNA and proteins

43
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

DNA – genetic material,46 or 23 pairs

44
Q

Does the cytoskeleton have a membrane?

A

No

45
Q

Do Ribosomes have membranes?

A

No

46
Q

Does the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
have a membrane?

A

Yes

47
Q

Does the Smooth Endoplasmic
reticulum have a membrane?

A

yes

48
Q

Does the Golgi apparatus have a membrane?

A

Yes

49
Q

Does the Mitochondria have a membrane?

A

Yes

50
Q

Does a Lysosomes have a membrane?

A

Yes

51
Q

Does a peroxisomes have a membrane?

A

Yes

52
Q

Do centrioles have a membrane?

A

No

53
Q

What is the shape of a mitochondria?

A

tiny, lozenge-like or sausage-shaped organelles

54
Q

What are the shape of Ribosomes?

A

tiny, bilobed, dark bodies

55
Q

What is the shape of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

a system of fluid-filled tunnels (or canals) that coil and twist

56
Q

What does a Golgi Apparatus look like?

A

a stack of flattened membranous sacs that are associated with swarms of tiny vesicles

57
Q

What shape are Lysosomes?

A

membranous “bags” containing powerful digestive enzymes

58
Q

What shape are Peroxisomes?

A

membranous sacs

59
Q

What shape is the cytoskeleton?

A

An elaborate network of protein structures

60
Q

What shape are centrioles?

A

rod-shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other

61
Q

What happens at the prophase?

A

As cell division begins, the chromatin threads coil and shorten so that the barlike chromosomes become visible under a microscope

62
Q

What happens in the metaphase

A

the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate (the center of the spindle midway between the centrioles) so that a straight line of chromosomes is seen.

63
Q

What happens in the Anaphase?

A

he centromeres that have held the chromatids together split. The chromatids (now called chromosomes again) begin to move slowly apart, drawn toward opposite ends of the cell

64
Q

What happens at telophase?

A

The chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell uncoil to become threadlike chromatin again. The spindle breaks down and disappears, a nuclear envelope forms around each chromatin mass, and nucleoli appear in each of the daughter nuclei.

65
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Division of the cytoplasm

66
Q

When does Cytokinesis begin and end?

A

Begines during late anaphase and ends during telophase

Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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