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Anatomy & Physiology > Anatomy and Physiology Overview > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is Human Anatomy?

A

Study of structure and shape of the body

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2
Q

What is gross Anatomy?

A

Structures you can see

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3
Q

What is microscopic Anatomy?

A

Structures you can see only with the help of a scientific instrument

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4
Q

What is Physiology?

A

study of the function of living things

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5
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A
  • Chemical
  • Cellular
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • Organ system
  • Organism
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6
Q

Define the Chemical level

A

simplest, atoms combine to form molecules.

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7
Q

Define the Cellular level

A

Cells are made of molecules.

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8
Q

Define the tissue level

A

Tissue consist of similar type of cells

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9
Q

Define the Organ level

A

Organs are made up of different types of tissues

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10
Q

Define the Organ System level

A

different organs that work together closely

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11
Q

Define Organismal level

A

made up of many organ systems

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12
Q

How is Anatomy studied?

A

organs are dissected to be examined

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13
Q

How is Physiology studied?

A

through urine or blood tests

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14
Q

List the Characteristics of Life

A
  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Differentiation
  • Reproduction
  • Maintaining boundaries
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15
Q

Define Metabolism

A

sum of all chemical reactions

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16
Q

Define Responsiveness

A
  • ability to sense a change and react
  • ability to detect and respond to change
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17
Q

Define Movement

A

motion

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18
Q

Define Growth

A

growth in size or number or both

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19
Q

Define Differentiation

A

unspecialized cells become specialized

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20
Q

Define Reproduction

A
  • formation of new cells
  • productions of a new individual
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21
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

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22
Q

What are the three components of all homeostatic mechanisms?

A
  • Receptor
  • Control Center
  • Effectors
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23
Q

Define the Receptor

A
  • monitors change and responds with an input
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24
Q

Define the Control Center

A
  • evaluates the input and sends a message
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25
Q

Define the Effectors

A
  • carries out the response
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26
Q

Explain a negative feedback loop

A
  • most common
  • eliminates the stimulus that creates the change
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27
Q

Give examples of a negative feedback loop

A
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • breathing rate
  • release of hormones
  • blood sugar
  • blood levels
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28
Q

Explain a positive feedback loop

A

strengthens or enhances the change

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29
Q

Give examples of positive feedback loop

A
  • blood clotting
  • birth of baby
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30
Q

What system is this?

A

Integumentary

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31
Q

What system is this?

A

Skeletal System

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32
Q

What system is this?

A

muscular system

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33
Q

What system is this?

A

nervous system

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34
Q

What system is this?

A

Endocrine

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35
Q

What system is this?

A

cardiovascular system

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36
Q

What system is this?

A

Lymphatic System

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37
Q

What system is this?

A

Respiratory System

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38
Q

What system is this?

A

Digestive System

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39
Q

What system is this?

A

Urinary System

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40
Q

What system is this?

A

Reproductive System

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41
Q

What is the main function of the Integumentary System?

A

Protection

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42
Q

What is the function of the Skeletal System?

A

Protection

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43
Q

What is the function of the Muscular System?

A

Support and movement

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44
Q

What is the function of the Nervous System?

A

Control and coordinate

45
Q

What is the function of the Endocrine System?

A

Control and coordinate

46
Q

What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?

47
Q

What is the function of the Lymphatic System?

A

Protection

48
Q

What is the function of the Respiratory System?

A

Absorption and secretion

49
Q

What is the function of the Digestive System?

A

Absorption and secretion

50
Q

What is the function of the Urinary System?

A

Absorption and secretion

51
Q

What is the function of the Reproductive System?

A

Reproduction

52
Q

What are the major body cavities?

A

Dorsal and ventral

53
Q

What cavities are in the Dorsal cavity?

A

Cranial cavity and Spinal cavity

54
Q

What cavities are in the Ventral Cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity and Abdominopelvic cavity

55
Q

What do body cavities provide?

A

Varying degrees of protection to organs within them

56
Q

What organ is in the Cranial cavity?

57
Q

What is the Brain in the cranial cavity protected by?

58
Q

What organ is in the Spinal Cavity?

A

The spinal cord

59
Q

What is the Spinal Cord in the spinal cavity protected by?

A

The vertebrae

60
Q

What organs are in the Thoracic Cavity?

A

lungs and mediastinum

61
Q

What Organs are in the Mediastinum?

A
  • Heart
  • Esophagus
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Thymus
  • Large blood vessels entering and leaving heart
62
Q

Define the Mediastinum

A

the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that houses the heart

63
Q

The Thoracic Cavity is superior to what?

A

The diaphram

64
Q

The Abdominopelvic cavity is inferior to what?

A

The diaphram

65
Q

What organs are in the abdominal part of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

stomach, liver, intestines

66
Q

What is the abdominal protected by?

A

Trunk muscles

67
Q

What organs does the pelvic cavity in the abdominopelvic cavity have?

A

reproductive organs, bladder, rectum

68
Q

What is the pelvic cavity protected by?

A

Bony pelvis

69
Q

Which cavity is associated with the Mediastinum?

A

The thoracic cavity

70
Q

What are the relative positions to describe the location of one body part in relation to another?

A
  • Anatomical
  • Prone
  • Supine
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Proximal
  • Distal
71
Q

Define the Anatomic position

A

Standing upright with palms facing forward

72
Q

Define the Prone position

A

laying down

73
Q

Define the Supine postition

A

Lying face up

74
Q

Define Superior postition

A

towards the head

75
Q

Define the Inferior position

A

towards the lower part of the body

76
Q

What’s another term for Superior?

A

Cranial, cephalic

77
Q

What’s another term for inferior?

78
Q

Define the Anterior position

A

front side of the body

79
Q

Define the Posterior position

A

back side of the body

80
Q

What’s another term for Anterior?

81
Q

What’s another term for Posterior?

82
Q

Define the Medial position

A

nearest to the midline of the body

83
Q

Define the Lateral position

A

toward the side of the body

84
Q

Define the Proximal position

A

near the attachment origin of a structure

85
Q

Define the Distal position

A

Away from the attachment origin of a structure

86
Q

The Proximal and Distal positions are described for what body structure?

A

Arms and legs

87
Q

Define the Internal position

A

Deeper within the body

88
Q

Define the External position

A

nearer to the skin

89
Q

What’s another term for Internal?

90
Q

What’s another term for External?

A

Superficial

91
Q

What position is this?

A

Anterior (ventral)

92
Q

What position is this?

A

Deep (internal)

93
Q

What position is this?

94
Q

What position is this?

A

Inferior (caudal)

95
Q

What position is this?

A

Intermediate

96
Q

What position is this?

97
Q

What position is this?

98
Q

What position is this?

A

Posterior (Dorsal)

99
Q

What position is this?

100
Q

What position is this?

A

Superficial (external)

101
Q

What position is this?

A

Superior (cranial or cephalic)

102
Q

What are the 4 main planes that the body can be sectioned into?

A
  • Sagittal
  • Median
  • Frontal
  • Transverse
103
Q

What is another term for the Median plane?

A

Midsagittal plane

104
Q

What’s another term for the Frontal plane?

A

Coronal plane

105
Q

What’s another term for the Transverse plane?

`

A

Cross plane

106
Q

The Sagittal section divides the body into what?

A

left and right parts

107
Q

A median section divides the body into what?

A

equal left and right parts

108
Q

The frontal section divides the body into what?

A

Anterior and posterior parts

109
Q

A transverse section divides the body into?

A

Superior and inferior parts

Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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