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Med Surg > integumentary function > Flashcards

integumentary function Flashcards

1
Q

what color undertone does a healthy, dark-skinned person have?

A

reddish

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2
Q

what color undertone does an unhealthy, dark-skinned person have?

A

brown skin: yellow brown

black skin: ashen gray

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3
Q

what does a cyanotic, dark-skinned person skin look like?

A

dark but dull, observe conjunctiva, oral mucosa

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4
Q

papule

A

A papule has distinct borders, <1 cm in diameter, and it can appear in a variety of shapes. Warts, psoriasis

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5
Q

Wheal

A

Wheal - Transient, circumscribed, elevated papules or plaques, often with erythematous borders and pale centers. Urticaria (hives) insect bites

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6
Q

Bulla

A

fluid-filled sacs or lesions. Large Burns, poison ivy

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7
Q

Nodule (Tumor)

A

A nodule is a growth that forms under your skin. A nodule may be filled with inflamed tissue or a mixture of tissue and fluid.

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8
Q

Pustule

A

Pustule: a small, circumscribed, elevated lesion containing prurulent material. Macule: a flat rash

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9
Q

cyst

A

sac-like structures that may be filled with gas, liquid, or solid materials

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10
Q

fissure

A

a cutaneous condition in which there is a linear-like cleavage of skin, sometimes defined as extending into the dermis.

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11
Q

scales

A

sign of dry skinand other skinconditions, such as eczema and psoriasis.

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12
Q

atrophy

A

Thinning or depression of skin due to reduction of underlying tissue. Atrophyof the epidermis manifests as a thin and wrinkled surface.

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13
Q

crust

A

result of drying of plasma or exudate on the skin

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14
Q

Lichenification

A

a common consequence of atopic dermatitis (eczema) and other pruritic (itchy) disorders.

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15
Q

Petechiae

A

purpura or ecchymosis describes red blood cells that are outside the vessel walls & areas are nonblanchable

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16
Q

Spider Angioma

A

a central and elevated red dot, about the size of a pinhead, from which small blood vessels radiate.
associated with high estrogen levels as occur in pregnancy or when the liver is diseased and unable to detoxify estrogens

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17
Q

Venous Star (Telangiectasia)

A

A small red nodule formed by a dilated vein in the skin. It is caused by increased venous pressure.

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18
Q

Cherry Angiomas

A

small, vascular bright-red, papular lesions shown on the image are called cherry hemangiomas

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19
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

a condition in which the skin becomes red, sore, or inflamed after direct contact with a substance.

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20
Q

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

a common, harmless, scaling rash affecting the face, scalp and other areas

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21
Q

Scabies

A

an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis).

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22
Q

Herpes zoster

A

also known as shingles or zoster, is a reactivated VZV infection of the sensory nerve ganglion and the peripheral nerve and its branches

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23
Q

Which can cause hyperpigmentation of the skin?A.Eczema
B.Fungal infection
C.Sun injury
D.Vitiligo

A

C.Sun injury

Hyperpigmentation can be a result of sun injury.

24
Q

What would be considered a normal finding in the skin assessment of an older adult?A.Elastic skin
B.Uneven pigmentation
C.Cherry angiomas
D.Petechiae

A

B.Uneven pigmentation

Older adults have thin, nonelastic skin that is fragile and easily injured.

25
Q

What causes hypopigmentation

A

may be caused by a fungal infection, eczema, or vitiligo.

26
Q

What are the objectives of therapy for patients with skin conditions?

A

Prevent additional damage
Prevent secondary infection
Reverse inflammatory processes, and relieve symptoms.

27
Q

What are passive wound dressings?

A

have only a protective function/maintain moist environment for healing. Tagaderm

28
Q

What are interactive wound dressings?

A

capable of absorbing wound exudate and maintaining a moist environment. hydrocolloid, alginates, hydrogel

29
Q

What are active wound dressings?

A

improve the healing process and decrease healing time. skin grafts and biologic skin substitutes

30
Q

Systemic disorders associated with pruritis

A

Chronic kidney disease, Obstructive biliary disease (cirrhosis, drug induced, Endocrine disorders (diabetes, hypothyroidism), Psychiatric disorders (phobias, stress, anxiety), Malignancies ( leukemia, lung, breast, GI tract), Neurological disorders (MS, brain abscess, brain tumor), Hematologic disorders (iron deficiency anemia), Pregnancy, Folliculitis (bacterial, candidiasis, dermatophyte), Skin conditions (seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis)

31
Q

Nursing implications for pruritis

A

Bathe in tepid water, no vigorous rubbing/toweling
Avoid situations that cause vasodilation (warm environment, alcohol, hot foods)
Use humidifier
Cotton clothing

32
Q

Hidradentitis Suppurativa

A

Chronic folliculitis found in the perianal area, axillary, and genital area, underneath the breasts. African Americans are at greater risk

33
Q

Fungal infections (skin)

A

tinea pedis (athletes foot), tinea coporis, tinea capitis (scalp), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea unguium (toe nail function)

34
Q

viral infections (skin)

A

herpes zoster

Herpes simplex: orolabial, genital

35
Q

Bacterial infections (pyodermas)

A

Impetigo

Folliculitis, furuncles, and carbuncles

36
Q

Herpes zoster: viral infection care

A

instruction regarding prescribed antiviral medications, lesion care, dressings, and hand hygiene

37
Q

Herpes simplex: viral infection care

A

instruction regarding prescribed antiviral medications and prophylactic medication use, instruction regarding spread of herpes, and measures to reduce contagion of partner or of neonates born to mothers with genital herpes

38
Q

Impetigo: bacterial infection care

A

A contagious and may spread to other parts of patient’s body or to other persons.
Patient education regarding antibiotics, hygiene, and skin and lesion care.
Don’t share towels, combs, and so on.
Bathe daily with antibacterial soap.
Furuncles, boils, or pimples should never be squeezed.

39
Q

Fungal infection care

A

Instruction regarding medications, use of oral and topical agents, and shampoos
Instructions regarding hygiene: use clean towels and washcloths every day
Do not share towels, combs, and so on.
Keep skin folds and feet dry.
Wear clean, dry, cotton clothing, including underwear and socks; avoid synthetic underwear, tight-fitting garments, wet bathing suits, and plastic shoes.
Avoid excessive heat and humidity.
Hair loss associated with tinea capitis is temporary.

40
Q

Parasitic skin infestations

A

Pediculosis (lice): pediculosis capitis, pediculosis corporis, Phthirus pubis

Scabies (mites): Sarcoptesscabei

41
Q

Pediculosis Capitis care

A

Head lice may infest anyone and are not a sign of uncleanliness.
Instruction in use of shampoo (lindane [Kwell] or pyrethrin [RID]) and combing of hair with fine-tooth comb dipped in vinegar to remove all nits
Note lindane may have toxic effects and must be used only as directed.
All articles of clothing and bedding must be disinfected, washed in hot water, or dry cleaned. Furniture and floors should be frequently vacuumed.
Do not share combs, hats, and so on.
All family members and close contacts must be treated.

42
Q

Pediculosis Corporis and Pubis care

A

Pediculosis corporis is a disease related to poor hygiene and of those who live in close quarters.
Spread chiefly by sexual contact.
Bathe in soap & water, apply prescription scabicide or OTC permethrin (NIX). If eyelashes are involved, Vaseline may be applied twice a day for 8 days. Mechanically remove any nits.
All family members & sexual contacts must be treated & instructed regarding personal hygiene.
All clothing & bedding must be washed in hot water or dry cleaned.
Patient & partner should also be scheduled for checkup to assess for coexisting sexually transmitted disease.

43
Q

When should scabicide be applied?

A

immediately after bathing and before the skin dries and cools increases percutaneous absorption. The potential for central nervous system abnormalities.

44
Q

psoriasis

A

A chronic, noninfectious inflammatory disease of the skin in which epidermal cells are becomes infiltrated by activated T cells and cytokines, produced at an abnormally rapid rate

45
Q

Treatment for psoriasis

A

baths to remove scales and medications; Corticosteroids, tar preparations, other topical therapies, ultraviolet light therapy

46
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Autoimmune disease
Bullae (Blisters) on normal skin and mucous membranes
Level of serum antibody is a predictor of severity
Jewish or Mediterranean decent
Starts with oral lesions. Becoming widespread

47
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

A

Chronic disease with flare ups and remission
Most common in older adults, can be fatal
Bullae that tend to appear on flexor muscle of arms
Pruritus before blisters

48
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Manifests with small, tense blisters over extensor surfaces of elbows, knees, buttocks and back
Most common between 20-40 years of age
European heritage
Defect in gluten metabolism

49
Q

Nursing assessment for patients with blistering disease

A

Appearance of the skin
Monitor VS frequently and assess for signs and symptoms of infection
Pain, pruritus, and discomfort
Coping of the patient with condition
Note impact of the disease on patient activities and interactions

50
Q

Nursing diagnosis and potential problems for patients with blistering disease

A 
Acute pain: skin and oral cavity
Impaired skin integrity
Anxiety
Ineffective coping
Deficient knowledge

Infection and sepsis
Fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalance

51
Q

Assessment and Care of the Patient With Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome

A 
Skin inspection
Oral cavity inspection
Vital signs
Respiratory secretions
Fatigue
Pain level
Coping mechanism
52
Q

Collaborative Problems and Potential Complications Patient With Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome

A

Sepsis

Conjunctival retraction, scars, and corneal lesions

53
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

A malignancy of endothelial cells that line the blood vessels: dark reddish-purple lesions of the skin, oral cavity, GI tract, and lungs
Frequently seen in AIDS patients. can migrate to lymphatic system

54
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma, generally don’t matastisize

55
Q

What are the ABCDE’s of assessing moles?

A 
A for Asymmetry
B for Irregular Border
C for Variegated Color
D for Diameter
E for Evolving
56
Q

Laser Treatment of Lesions

A

Carbon dioxide laser
Pulse-dye laser
Pulsed Er: YAG laser

Med Surg (17 decks)

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