Hypertension Flashcards
dyslipidemia
abnormal blood lipid levels, including high total, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels as well as low high-density lipoprotein levels
hypertensive emergency
a situation in which blood pressure is severely elevated and there is evidence of actual or probable target organ damage. 180/120 mm Hg, lower to prevent organ damage.
hypertensive urgency
a situation in which blood pressure is severely elevated but there is no evidence of impending or progressive target organ damage.
isolated systolic hypertension
a condition most commonly seen in the older adult in which the systolic pressure is greater than 140 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is less than 80 mm Hg
monotherapy
medication therapy with a single agent
primary hypertension
denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension
rebound hypertension
blood pressure that is controlled with medication and becomes uncontrolled (abnormally high) with the abrupt discontinuation of medication
secondary hypertension
high blood pressure from an identified cause, such as kidney disease
BP classification, normal
<120/<80 mm Hg, Follow up exam in 2 years
BP classification, prehypertension
120-139/80-89 mm Hg, follow-up in 1 year
BP classification, Stage 1 hypertension
140-159/90-99 mm Hg, confirm within 1 month
BP classification, Stage 2 hypertension
≥160/≥100, Evaluate or refer to source of care within 1 month.
For those with higher pressures (e.g., >180/100 mm Hg), evaluate and treat immediately or within 1 week, depending on clinical situation and complications
Hypertension is determined by what readings?
The average of systolic and diastolic volumes over 140/90 mm Hg taken over 1-4 weeks by a health care provider.
How is blood pressure measured?
Cardiac output X peripheral resistance.
How is cardiac output determined?
Heart rate X stroke volume
How can one determine ventricular hypertrophy?
Echocardiography
What is the initial medication used for uncomplicated hypertension?
thiazide diuretics
What are the major goals for patients to understand the disease process of hypertension?
Treatment, participation in a self-care problem and absence of complications.
What are the therapeutic goals of reduction of a mean blood pressure within the first hour of treatment?
20-25%, further reduction to 160/100 mm Hg over a period of 6 hours.
What is the medication of choice in a hypertensive emergency?
Hint: IV vasodialoators
nitroprusside (Nitropress), nicardipine (Cardene), clevidipine (Cleviprex), enalaprilat (Vasotec), and nitroglycerin. immediate on-set & short half life
