Eye and Vision disorders

Question 1

anterior chamber

Answer 1

aqueous-containing space in the eye between the posterior (endothelial) cornea and the anterior iris and pupil

Question 2

aqueous humor

Answer 2

transparent nutrient-containing fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

Question 3

astigmatism

Answer 3

refractive error due to an irregularity in the curvature of the cornea

Question 4

binocular vision

Answer 4

normal ability of both eyes to focus on one object and fuse the two images into one

Question 5

blindness

Answer 5

inability to see, defined as corrected visual acuity of 20/400 or less, or a visual field of no more than 20 degrees in the better eye

Question 6

cataract

Answer 6

progressive opacity of the lens of the eye

Question 7

chemosis

Answer 7

edema of the conjunctiva

Question 8

diplopia

Answer 8

seeing one object as two; double vision

Question 9

ectropion

Answer 9

turning out of the lower eyelid

Question 10

emmetropia

Answer 10

normal refractive condition resulting in clear focus on retina; no optical defects

Question 11

endophthalmitis

Answer 11

intraocular infection

Question 12

entropion

Answer 12

turning in of the lower eyelid

Question 13

enucleation

Answer 13

removal of the eyeball and part of the optic nerve

Question 14

evisceration

Answer 14

removal of the intraocular contents through a corneal or scleral incision; the optic nerve, sclera, extraocular muscles, and sometimes the cornea are left intact

Question 15

exenteration

Answer 15

surgical removal of the entire contents of the orbit, surrounding soft tissue, and most or all of the eyelids

Question 16

glaucoma

Answer 16

group of conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure

Question 17

hyperemia

Answer 17

red eyes resulting from dilation of the vasculature of the conjunctiva

Question 18

hyperopia

Answer 18

farsightedness; light rays focus behind the retina

Question 19

hyphema

Answer 19

blood in the anterior chamber

Question 20

hypopyon

Answer 20

collection of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 21

injection

Answer 21

congestion of blood vessels

Question 22

keratoconus

Answer 22

cone-shaped deformity of the cornea

Question 23

myopia

Answer 23

nearsightedness; light rays focus in front of the retina

Question 24

neovascularization

Answer 24

growth of abnormal new blood vessels

Question 25

nystagmus

Answer 25

involuntary oscillation of the eyeball

Question 26

papilledeme

Answer 26

swelling of the optic disc usually due to increased intracranial pressure

Question 27

photophobia

Answer 27

ocular pain on exposure to light

Question 28

presbyopia

Answer 28

the loss of accommodative power in the lens due to age

Question 29

proptosis or exophthalmos

Answer 29

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

Question 30

ptosis

Answer 30

drooping eyelid

Question 31

refraction

Answer 31

determination of the refractive errors of the eye for the purpose of vision correction

Question 32

scotomas

Answer 32

blind or partially blind areas in the visual field

Question 33

sympathetic ophthalmia

Answer 33

an inflammatory condition created in the fellow eye by the affected eye

Question 34

trachoma

Answer 34

an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis—the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world

Question 35

trichiasis

Answer 35

turning in of the eyelashes

Question 36

vitreous humor

Answer 36

transparent, colorless gelatinous material that fills the vitreous chamber behind the lens

Question 37

Slit-Lamp Examination

Answer 37

binocular microscope used to examine the eye with magnification of 10 to 40 times the real image. Diagnosis or visualization of anemia, diabetic vascular symptoms and HTN

Question 38

Color Vision Testing

Answer 38

Testing the inability to differentiate between red and green can compromise traffic safety

Question 39

Amsler Grid

Answer 39

a geometric grid of identical squares with a central fixation point. The grid should be viewed by the patient wearing normal reading glasses.

Question 40

Ultrasonography

Answer 40

ultrasonography B-scan identifies pathology such as orbital tumors, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage.Lesions in the globe or the orbit may not be directly visible and are evaluated by ultrasonography.

Question 41

Low vision

Answer 41

Visional impairment the requires devices and strategies in addition to corrective lenses. Best corrected visual acuity 20/70 to 20/200.

Question 42

Blindness

Answer 42

Best corrected visual acuity 20/400 to no light perception. Best corrected visual acuity 20/200, widest field of vision is 20 degrees or less

Question 43

Topical anesthetics for eyes

Answer 43

1-2 drops of proparacaine hydrochloride (Ophthaine 0.5%) and tetracaine hydrochloride (Pontocaine 0.5%) used before diagnostic procedures: tonometry & minor ocular procedures such as removal of sutures or conjunctival or corneal scrapings. Used for severe eye pain.

Question 44

Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Agents for eyes

Answer 44

Affect the CNS. Mydriatics (relaxation of the ciliary muscle) and cycloplegics (paralyze the iris sphincter), combination to achieve the maximal dilation for surgery and fundus exam.

Question 45

Medications Used to Treat Glaucoma

Answer 45

Treat intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous production or increasing aqueous outflow.