Integumentary, Circulatory, and respiratory systems Flashcards
Terms, anatomy, and functions of the Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Integumentary, and Respiratory systems.
Skin
An epithelial structure that protects the inner organs of the body from the environment and keeps the body confined
Epidermis
The outermost layer of skin
Keratin
A fiber-like protein that provides toughness to the cell and, therefore, to the skin
Dermis
Provides both structural and nutritional support to the epidermis. The dermis consists of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer that lies beneath the epidermal and dermal structures. Stores fat, helps regulate body temp., and supports the layers above both structurally and nutritionally.
What Does the Hypodermis consist of?
Primarily fat, but also contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.
What does the Dermis consist of?
Collagen, Elastin, and reticular fibers
Blood vessels
Structures that run throughout all areas of the skin, but especially the dermis; carry oxygen and nutrients directly to the dermis and indirectly to the epidermis.
Motor Nerves
Nerves that control movement by stimulating muscles to contract and relax.
Sensory nerves
Nerves that carry sensory information, such as the sensation of touch, to the central nervous system.
Integumentary system
The system that consists of skin and all its related structures like hair, paw pads, claws, hooves, horns, antlers, and skin glands.
Hair
A nonliving structure partially composed of keratin
What purposes does hair serve?
It provides warmth, protects the skin from sunlight, moisture, and other damage, and gives some species markings for protective or reproductive purposes.
Claw
A modified extension of the dermis and epidermis of the toe composed of primarily horny, or keratinized, epidermal tissue.
Hoof
A specialized extension of horny epidermal tissue extending over the distal digit.
Sebaceous gland
Microscopic infoldings of the epidermis that are usually associated with hair follicles. Produce Sebaceous Filaments.
Circulatory system
Provides transport operations throughout the body, a means of movement for a variety of substances through the body.
Cardiovascular System
Carries blood and its associated cells and products through the body; consists of a network of arteries, capillaries, and veins
Lymphatic system
Consists of a network of vessels coursing through the body that carries fluid called lymph; comprises lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen.
Heart
A large muscle that sits in the thoracic cavity and contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic fashion, creating a pumping action that forces blood to circulate throughout the body.
Cardiac Pacemaker
Where the normal electrical impulses in the heart originate; electrical impulses that stimulate the heart muscles to contract
Systole
The contraction phase of the heartbeat that takes place as the current travels around the heart
Diastole
The phase during repolarization where the cardiac muscle cells relax and the chambers enlarge and fill with blood
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and towards the cells of the body
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and allow the exchange of gasses, nutrients, and waste materials between the blood and the bodies cells
Veins
Vessels that carry blood from the bodys cells back to the heart
Arterioles
The smallest form of artery, carry blood from the muscular arteries to the capillaries
Blood
A fluid vital to life; contains a fluid component, (plasma), and blood cells
Plasma
The liquid portion of the blood after all the blood cells have been removed
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells; the most common type of blood cell and the primary means by which oxygen is transported throughout the body.