Cell Organelles And Cellular Terms Flashcards
Centrioles
Structures that function in cell reproduction
Cilia
Hairlike extensions on the surface of cells, which are capable of movement
Endoplasmic reticulum
Membrane network of “roads” and “channels” that wind through cytoplasm
Flagella
A sperm cells “tail”
Golgi bodies
Sacs that make and transport carbohydrate compounds
Lysosomes
The cells “digestive system”. Takes in and breaks down materials for other organelles to use.
Mitochondria
“power plants” that burn food in the presence of oxygen to make cell energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate.
Ribosomes
“protein factories” that make proteins
Anabolism
The building metabolic phase; grows, maintains, and repairs body structures
Biology
The study of life and life processes
Catabolism
The breaking down metabolic phase; producing energy from food and oxygen
Chromosomes
Short, tightly coiled rods that contain genes
CYT/O-
Prefix meaning related to the cell
Cytoplasm
Substance between plasma membrane and nucleus of all cells
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical genes are made of
Genes
Regions of DNA organized into the bodies “blueprint”
KARY/O-
Prefix meaning related to the nucleus
Karyoplasm
Substance of nucleus
Karyotype
Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
Metabolism
The chemical process by which cells obtain and use energy
Nucleus
Spheroid body within a cell that dictates protein production; controls transport, metabolism, growth, heredity
Organelles
Structures within cytoplasm
-PLASM
Suffix meaning formative, formed material
Plasma membrane (Cell membrane)
The outside boundary of a cell. Keeps the contents of the cell together, and determines what is allowed in and out of the structure.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, needed for production of protein within cells.
Tissue fluid
Salt water solution that bathes every cell in the body
Endocytosis
movement into the cell
Exocytosis
movement out of the cell
Prophase
The first phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to condense and the nuclear membrane dissolves
Metaphase
The second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up in a row in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes are pulled apart
Telophase
The fourth and final phase of mitosis, where the cell pinches apart and forms two identical versions of itself
Mitosis
The process of a cell splitting in half to form a second identical cell
