Integument 5a

Question 1

Skin (Integument) Consists of three major regions

Answer 1

Epidermis – outermost superficial region
Dermis – middle region
Hypodermis (superficial fascia) – deepest region

Question 2

Epidermis 4 distinct cell types are

Answer 2

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans’ cells

Question 3

Keratinocytes

Answer 3

produce the fibrous protein keratin

Question 4

Langerhans’ cells

Answer 4

epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Question 5

Merkel cells

Answer 5

function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

Question 6

Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)

Answer 6

Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis, Consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes,
Cells undergo RAPID DIVISION, hence its alternate name, stratum germinativum

Question 7

Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer)

Answer 7

Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes, Melanin granules and Langerhans’ cells are abundant in this layer

Question 8

Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)

Answer 8

Thin; three to five cell layers in which drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs, Keratohyaline and lamellated granules accumulate in the cells of this layer

Question 9

Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer)

Answer 9

Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum, Consists of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes, Present only in thick skin

Question 10

Layers of the Epidermis: Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)

Answer 10

Outermost layer of keratinized cells, Accounts for three quarters of the epidermal
thickness

Question 11

Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) functions

Answer 11

Waterproofing, Protection from abrasion and penetration, Rendering the body relatively insensitive to
biological, chemical, and physical assaults

Question 12

Dermis

Answer 12

Second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue, Cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells

Question 13

Dermis two layers are

Answer 13

papillary (top) and reticular (bottom)

Question 14

Papillary layer

Answer 14

Areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic

fibers, Its superior surface contains peglike projections called dermal papillae

Question 15

Dermal papillae contain

Answer 15

capillary loops, Meissner’s corpuscles, and free nerve endings

Question 16

Capillary loops

Answer 16

temperature

Question 17

Reticular layer

Answer 17

Accounts for approximately 80% of the thickness
of the skin, Collagen fibers in this layer add strength and resiliency to the skin, Elastin fibers provide stretch-recoil properties

Question 18

Hypodermis

Answer 18

Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin, Composed of adipose and areolar connective tissue

Question 19

Three pigments contribute to skin color

Answer 19

Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin

Question 20

Melanin

Answer 20

yellow to reddish-brown to black

pigment, responsible for dark skin colors

Question 21

Carotene

Answer 21

yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet

Question 22

Hemoglobin

Answer 22

reddish pigment responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin