insulin/glucose Flashcards
Where in the body are Insulin and Glucagon produced?
páncreas
Alpha- glucagon
beta- insulin
What type of signaling molecules are Glucagon and Insulin?
What is the difference between Type I and Type II diabetes?
What is the main response pathway that leads to Insulin secretion (how does the cell know to release Insulin, and then how is it released)?
After a meal, there’s lots of glucose that needs to get broken down. Located on the pancreas, there are islets. These islets have pancreatic beta cells that secrete insulin. First, glucose enters the beta cells through a glucose transporter called GLUT. ATP production increases and increases the ATP/ADP ratio. The increase in ratio leads to potassium channels closing and calcium channels to open. A concentration of calcium causes secretion of insulin. Insulin leaves the body where it will act on tissues around the body
What are some of the cellular responses following Insulin release? Glucagon release?
Fat and muscle cells: insulin binds to the cell membrane of these cells and triggers signaling pathways, activates GLUT4 , glucose will enter and will be stored as fat or glycogen as a source of energy
Glucagón is a protein and a signaling molecule. It was binf to liver, fat or muscle cells where it will signal to break down glycogen into glucose. Raise blood glucose levels
able to explain some of the reasons that Insulin responses can vary by cell type and as a result of cross-talk from other signaling molecules (eg: adrenaline).
It would be beneficial to inhibit insulin when we want the body to produce from glucose. For example, in the liver, instead of sending a signal to lower glucose levels, we will inhibit the signal to halt the process. When adrenaline kicks in, the organism will need all the glucose it needs.
