glycolysis

Question 1

Where in the cell are the reactions of Glycolysis carried out

Answer 1

Cytosol of cytoplasm

Question 2

First step

Answer 2

ATP is invested to convert glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate. Catalyzed by Hexokinase. Putting a phosphate on C6 to trap inside the cell. Cannot diffuse out.

Question 3

Sep two

Answer 3

lucose 6 phosphates is rearranged. Catalyzed by Phosphoglucose isomerase. Sets stage for third step. Freely reversible.

Question 4

Step three

Answer 4

ATP invested to have Fructose 6 phosphate convert to fructose 1, 6-biphosphate. Catalyzed by phospho-fructokinase. Two phosphates on each side of glucose Make it irreversible from this point.
Phospho-fructokinase can be regulated o speed up or slow down glycolysis pathway

Question 5

Step four:

Answer 5

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate splits to form two three-carbon sugars: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. They are isomers of each other, but only one—glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate—can directly continue through the next steps of glycolysis. DHAP is everntaully convered in step 5 Catalyzed by aldolase.

Question 6

From a free energy standpoint, what is the effect of the investmSent phase on glucose? Why does the cell put Free Energy into Glucose during the investment phase? How does that impact the activation energy needed to combust glucose?

Answer 6

Energy to overcome activation energy
Need to put energy in to start to split up glucose.

Question 7

How is Phosphofructokinase regulated by ATP? And how does that work when ATP is a substrate of the enzyme itself?

Answer 7

phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) and pyruvate kinase, two key enzymes in glycolysis, effectively acting as a negative feedback loop to inhibit glucose breakdown when there is sufficient cellular ATP.

ATP will bind to PFK inhibiting & easing Km for fructose 6 phosphate
Amo will stimulate

Question 8

What products remain at the end of glycolysis

Answer 8

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvates