Insulin and Their Characteristics Flashcards
Identify different types of insulin and their characteristics
True or False: Insulin may be necessary for type 2 diabetes patients who are losing beta cell function
True
True or False: Rapid-acting insulin is typically taken just before or at the start of meals to manage post-meal blood glucose spikes.
True
Which type of insulin has an onset time of less than 15 minutes and is used to control blood glucose levels during meals?
A) Intermediate-acting
B) Short-acting
C) Rapid-acting
D) Long-acting
C) Rapid-acting
Short-acting insulin, such as Humulin R, is typically taken how long before meals?
A) 15 minutes
B) 30-60 minutes
C) Immediately after meals
D) 2 hours before meals
B) 30-60 minutes
True or False: Long-acting insulin has no pronounced peak and provides steady, background insulin coverage throughout the day.
True
Which insulin type is characterized by a 2-4 hour onset, peaks in 4-10 hours, and lasts 10-16 hours, making it suitable for between-meal and overnight coverage?
A) Rapid-acting
B) Intermediate-acting
C) Long-acting
D) Short-acting
B) Intermediate-acting
What is the primary function of long-acting insulin, such as Glargine (Lantus) or Detemir (Levemir)?
A) To manage blood sugar spikes after meals
B) To replace oral medications
C) To increase insulin sensitivity
D) To provide steady insulin throughout the day and night
D) To provide steady insulin throughout the day and night
Which type of insulin is generally used in a basal-bolus regimen to mimic natural insulin patterns and is paired with rapid-acting insulin at meals?
A) Intermediate-acting
B) Premixed insulin
C) Long-acting
D) Short-acting
C) Long-acting
True or False: Intermediate-acting insulin is used for background coverage and has a risk of nighttime hypoglycemia due to its peak period.
True
Premixed insulins combine which two types of insulin for convenience, typically requiring consistent meal timing?
A) Rapid-acting and long-acting
B) Intermediate-acting and rapid-acting
C) Long-acting and intermediate-acting
D) Short-acting and long-acting
B) Intermediate-acting and rapid-acting
Which type of insulin is best suited for controlling blood glucose spikes immediately after a meal and is often paired with a long-acting insulin?
A) Rapid-acting
B) Intermediate-acting
C) Short-acting
D) Premixed insulin
A) Rapid-acting
Which type of insulin is often taken once daily to provide consistent insulin coverage and has minimal risk of causing post-meal blood sugar spikes?
A) Rapid-acting
B) Intermediate-acting
C) Long-acting
D) Premixed insulin
C) Long-acting
What is the main difference between short-acting insulin and rapid-acting insulin?
A) Short-acting insulin has a slower onset and longer duration than rapid-acting insulin.
B) Rapid-acting insulin lasts longer than short-acting insulin.
C) Short-acting insulin has no peak, while rapid-acting does.
D) Rapid-acting insulin must be injected only once per day.
A) Short-acting insulin has a slower onset and longer duration than rapid-acting insulin.
True or False: Premixed insulin is convenient because it combines both short-acting and long-acting insulins in a single injection.
False – It combines rapid-acting and intermediate-acting insulins
Which insulin type has an onset of about 30-60 minutes and is typically used to manage blood sugar levels before meals?
A) Rapid-acting
B) Long-acting
C) Short-acting
D) Intermediate-acting
C) Short-acting
Which type of insulin is best suited for background, or basal, coverage in Type 1 and advanced Type 2 diabetes and is usually taken once or twice daily?
A) Rapid-acting
B) Intermediate-acting
C) Short-acting
D) Long-acting
D) Long-acting
True or False: Intermediate-acting insulin, such as NPH, has both a peak and a duration that typically lasts around 10-16 hours.
True
What is the primary purpose of basal insulin in a basal-bolus regimen?
A) To manage blood glucose spikes after meals
B) To provide a continuous background level of insulin
C) To increase insulin production naturally
D) To prevent all glucose absorption
B) To provide a continuous background level of insulin
True or False: Intermediate- and long-acting insulin are used primarily to cover the glucose our body naturally produces.
True
What are the names of the Rapid-acting Insulin?
(Hint: LH and AN)
Lispro/Humalog and Aspart/Novolog
True or False: Rapid-acting insulin has less hypoglycemia compared to regular insulin.
True
What is the onset, peak, and duration of rapid-acting insulin?
Onset: <15
Peak: 1-2 hours
Duration 3-5 hours
What is the Onset, Peak, and Duration of Short-acting insulin? (also known as regular insulin)
Onset: 30-60 min
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 3-6 hours
What is the drug name for Intermediate-acting Insulin?
NPH
What is the Onset, Peak, and Duration for Intermediate-acting insulin?
Onset: 2-4 hours
Peak: 4-10 hours
Duration: 10-16 hours
True or False: the main purpose of Long-acting insulin is to cover hepatic glucose output
True
What is the names of Long-acting (basal insulin)?
(Hint: G/L and D/L)
Glargine/ Lantus and Determir/Levemir
What is the Onset, Peak, and Duration of Long-acting insulin?
Onset: 2-4 hours
Peakless
Duration 18-24 hours
What is the downside to premixed insulin?
A) lack of convenience
B) Must eat at specific times and be consistent
C) Limited access
D) Have to know ratios to mix different insulins
B) Must eat at specific times and be consistent
What is a flexible insulin regimen?
Basal/bolus (Longe-term and rapid combo)
What is the name of a inhaled insulin?
(starts with A)
Afrezza
True or False: Inhaled insulin is slow-acting
False – Is rapid-acting
True or false: a patient receiving Afrezza (inhaled insulin) does not require injections of basal insulin
False – they still need injections of basal insulin
What is the Onset, Peak, and Duration of Inhaled insulin (Afrezza)
Onset: 15 mins
Peak: 1 hour
Duration: 2-3 hours
