Glucose Lowering Medications

Question 1

Which of the following is not a hypoglycemic medication?

A) Metformin/ Glucophage
B) Symlin/ Pramlintide
C) Glipizide/Glucotrol
D) Byetta

Answer 1

A) Metformin/ Glucophage

Question 2

Which class of diabetes medication includes Metformin and primarily reduces liver glucose production while increasing insulin sensitivity in muscles?

A) Sulfonylureas
B) Biguanides
C) SGLT2 Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones

Answer 2

B) Biguanides

Question 3

True or False: Sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin but carry a risk of hypoglycemia, especially if meals are missed.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Meglitinides, such as Repaglinide, are known for:

A) Long-acting insulin stimulation
B) Stimulating quick insulin release before meals with a short duration
C) Blocking glucose absorption in the kidneys
D) Directly increasing insulin sensitivity

Answer 4

B) Stimulating quick insulin release before meals with a short duration

Question 5

Which class includes Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone and works by increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissues?

A) Biguanides
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Answer 5

C) Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

Question 6

True or False: SGLT2 inhibitors cause the kidneys to excrete excess glucose in urine, which may help with weight loss but can increase the risk of urinary infections.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False: GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Exenatide and Ozempic, help increase insulin, reduce glucagon, and slow stomach emptying, potentially aiding in weight loss.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which medication class, exemplified by Acarbose, works by slowing the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines?

A) SGLT2 Inhibitors
B) Amylin Analogues
C) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones

Answer 8

C) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Question 9

Amylin Analogues, such as Pramlintide, are used with insulin to:
A) Stimulate pancreatic insulin release
B) Slow stomach emptying and suppress glucagon
C) Increase kidney glucose excretion
D) Enhance muscle glucose uptake

Answer 9

B) Slow stomach emptying and suppress glucagon

Question 10

Which medication class works by causing the kidneys to excrete excess glucose through urine and may aid in weight loss?

A) Sulfonylureas
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) DPP-4 Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones

Answer 10

B) SGLT2 Inhibitors

Question 11

Which of the following classes does not make up Insulin Secretagogues?

A) Sulfonylureas
B) Glinides
C) Biguanides

Answer 11

C) Biguanides

Question 12

True or False: Sulfonylureas, such as Glipizide and Glyburide, carry a high risk of hypoglycemia because they stimulate the pancreas to release insulin.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Which class of medications is first-line for Type 2 diabetes, does not cause hypoglycemia, and includes Metformin?

A) Biguanides
B) Meglitinides
C) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Answer 13

A) Biguanides

Question 14

Which of the following class prolongs the action of GLP-1, thus increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion?

A) DPP-4
B) SGLP2- Inhibitors
C) Biguanides
D) Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 14

A) DPP-4

Question 15

True or False: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, like Byetta, may increase appetite and aid in weight gain

Answer 15

False - decreases appetite and aids in weight loss

Question 16

Which medication class includes Pramlintide and works by slowing stomach emptying and reducing post-meal glucose spikes, often used alongside insulin?

A) Amylin Analogues
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) Thiazolidinediones
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Answer 16

A) Amylin Analogues

Question 17

True or False: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, such as Acarbose, slow carbohydrate absorption in the intestines and may cause gastrointestinal side effects but do not typically cause hypoglycemia.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which of the following classes is not potentially hypoglycemic

A) GLP-1 receptor agonist
B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C) Amylin analogues
D) Insulin Secretagogues

Answer 18

B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 19

A patient with an increase in hepatic glucose output may be prescribed which drug?

A) Insulin
B) Glinides
C) SGLT2 Inhibitor
D) Metformin

Answer 19

D) Metformin

Question 20

Which of the following would not be prescribed to a patient with increased glucagon secretion?

A) Pramlintide
B) GLP-1
C) Jardiance
D) Insulin

Answer 20

C) Jardiance

Question 21

True or False: Drugs that are not hypoglycemic are ideal for patients with Type 1 diabetes.

Answer 21

False – ideal for type 2 diabetes

Question 22

Drugs that are hypoglycemic may drop blood sugar below:

A) 50 mg/dL
B) 70 mg/dL
C) 90 mg/dL
D) 110 mg/dL

Answer 22

B) 70 mg/dL

Question 23

True or False: a patient needing weight loss while also stimulating insulin may benefit from a GLP-1 receptor agonist, which can be taken orally.

Answer 23

False - GLP-1 receptor agonist are injectables.

Question 24

Why might a patient with type 1 diabetes take a GLP-1 receptor agonist?

A) It promotes weight loss
B) Stimulates insulin
C) Suppresses glucagon
D) Delays gastric emptying

Answer 24

C) Suppresses glucagon

Question 25

What class of medicine would a patient receive if they experience renal glucose exertion? A) Glitazones B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors C) SGL2- Inhibitors D) Amylin analogues

Answer 25

C) SGL2- Inhibitors

Question 26

A patient with a decrease in peripheral glucose uptake in muscle or fat would NOT benefit from which of the following drug? A) Jardiance B) Metformin C) Actos D) Avandia

Answer 26

A) Jardiance

Question 27

A Type 1 Diabetes patient with glucose influx would benefit from which drug? A) acarbose B) Pramlintide C) Glipizide

Answer 27

B) Pramlintide

Question 28

Which drug does not increase insulin secretion? A) Glinides B) DPP-4 C) Byetta D) Symlin

Answer 28

D) Symlin

Question 29

Which two classes of medication may be taken along with insulin for type 1 diabetics? A) GLP-1 receptor agonist B) Amylin analogues C) Insulin Secretagogues

Answer 29

A and B

Question 30

True or False: A patient with diabetes may sometimes need to take more than one medication to treat multiple issues.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What drug is linked to a B12 deficiency? A) Actos B) Acarbose C) Metformin D) Jardiance

Answer 31

C) Metformin

Question 32

What two drugs decreases hepatic glucose production, is not hypoglycemic, and increases insulin sensitivity. (Hint: starts with M & G)

Answer 32

Metformin / Glucophage

Question 33

The common name for actos and Avandia is "glitazones" which make-up what class? -These drugs increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver glucose output but are linked to causing weight gain. (Hint: long name, starts with T)

Answer 33

Thizolidinediones

Question 34

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors inhibit CHO digesting enzymes which slows CHO and result in GI issues like gas. What is the common names of this class? (Hint: starts with A and P)

Answer 34

Acarbose / Precose

Question 35

SGL2-inhibitors inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. What is the common drug name for this class? (Hint: starts with J)

Answer 35

Jardiance

Question 36

GLP-1 receptor agonist stimulate insulin, suppress glucagon, delay gastric emptying, and promote satiety. What are the common drug names? (Mnemonic: Bye Victoria, Text me When its Official)

Answer 36

Byetta Victoza Trulicity Wegovy Ozempic

Question 37

Amylin analogues are injected before meals to slow gastric emptying and help suppress glucagon. What drugs make up this class? (Hint: starts with S and P)

Answer 37

Symlin/ Pramlintide

Question 38

Sulfonylureas is an insulin secretagogues that stimulates beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin production. What drugs make up this class? (there's 3 that start with G, two are interchangeable)

Answer 38

Glipizide/Glucotrol, Glyburide

Question 39

Glinides is an insulin secretagogues that stimulates beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin production and are shorter acting than Sulfonylureas. What drugs make up this class? (Hint: starts with P and S)

Answer 39

Prandin, Starlix

Question 40

Glucose- Lowering Medications A) Promote insulin secretion by the beta-cells B) Enhance insulin action and lower insulin resistance C) Inhibit enzymes that digest carbohydrates D) All the above

Answer 40

D) All the above