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MNT Exam 3 - Diabetes > Glucose Lowering Medications > Flashcards

Glucose Lowering Medications Flashcards

Explain the effects of various glucose-lowering medications

1
Q

Which of the following is not a hypoglycemic medication?

A) Metformin/ Glucophage
B) Symlin/ Pramlintide
C) Glipizide/Glucotrol
D) Byetta

A

A) Metformin/ Glucophage

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2
Q

Which class of diabetes medication includes Metformin and primarily reduces liver glucose production while increasing insulin sensitivity in muscles?

A) Sulfonylureas
B) Biguanides
C) SGLT2 Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones

A

B) Biguanides

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3
Q

True or False: Sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin but carry a risk of hypoglycemia, especially if meals are missed.

A

True

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4
Q

Meglitinides, such as Repaglinide, are known for:

A) Long-acting insulin stimulation
B) Stimulating quick insulin release before meals with a short duration
C) Blocking glucose absorption in the kidneys
D) Directly increasing insulin sensitivity

A

B) Stimulating quick insulin release before meals with a short duration

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5
Q

Which class includes Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone and works by increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissues?

A) Biguanides
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

A

C) Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

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6
Q

True or False: SGLT2 inhibitors cause the kidneys to excrete excess glucose in urine, which may help with weight loss but can increase the risk of urinary infections.

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Exenatide and Ozempic, help increase insulin, reduce glucagon, and slow stomach emptying, potentially aiding in weight loss.

A

True

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8
Q

Which medication class, exemplified by Acarbose, works by slowing the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines?

A) SGLT2 Inhibitors
B) Amylin Analogues
C) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones

A

C) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

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9
Q

Amylin Analogues, such as Pramlintide, are used with insulin to:
A) Stimulate pancreatic insulin release
B) Slow stomach emptying and suppress glucagon
C) Increase kidney glucose excretion
D) Enhance muscle glucose uptake

A

B) Slow stomach emptying and suppress glucagon

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10
Q

Which medication class works by causing the kidneys to excrete excess glucose through urine and may aid in weight loss?

A) Sulfonylureas
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) DPP-4 Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones

A

B) SGLT2 Inhibitors

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11
Q

Which of the following classes does not make up Insulin Secretagogues?

A) Sulfonylureas
B) Glinides
C) Biguanides

A

C) Biguanides

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12
Q

True or False: Sulfonylureas, such as Glipizide and Glyburide, carry a high risk of hypoglycemia because they stimulate the pancreas to release insulin.

A

True

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13
Q

Which class of medications is first-line for Type 2 diabetes, does not cause hypoglycemia, and includes Metformin?

A) Biguanides
B) Meglitinides
C) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

A

A) Biguanides

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14
Q

Which of the following class prolongs the action of GLP-1, thus increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion?

A) DPP-4
B) SGLP2- Inhibitors
C) Biguanides
D) Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

A) DPP-4

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15
Q

True or False: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, like Byetta, may increase appetite and aid in weight gain

A

False - decreases appetite and aids in weight loss

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16
Q

Which medication class includes Pramlintide and works by slowing stomach emptying and reducing post-meal glucose spikes, often used alongside insulin?

A) Amylin Analogues
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) Thiazolidinediones
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

A

A) Amylin Analogues

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17
Q

True or False: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, such as Acarbose, slow carbohydrate absorption in the intestines and may cause gastrointestinal side effects but do not typically cause hypoglycemia.

A

True

18
Q

Which of the following classes is not potentially hypoglycemic

A) GLP-1 receptor agonist
B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C) Amylin analogues
D) Insulin Secretagogues

A

B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

19
Q

A patient with an increase in hepatic glucose output may be prescribed which drug?

A) Insulin
B) Glinides
C) SGLT2 Inhibitor
D) Metformin

A

D) Metformin

20
Q

Which of the following would not be prescribed to a patient with increased glucagon secretion?

A) Pramlintide
B) GLP-1
C) Jardiance
D) Insulin

A

C) Jardiance

21
Q

True or False: Drugs that are not hypoglycemic are ideal for patients with Type 1 diabetes.

A

False – ideal for type 2 diabetes

22
Q

Drugs that are hypoglycemic may drop blood sugar below:

A) 50 mg/dL
B) 70 mg/dL
C) 90 mg/dL
D) 110 mg/dL

A

B) 70 mg/dL

23
Q

True or False: a patient needing weight loss while also stimulating insulin may benefit from a GLP-1 receptor agonist, which can be taken orally.

A

False - GLP-1 receptor agonist are injectables.

24
Q

Why might a patient with type 1 diabetes take a GLP-1 receptor agonist?

A) It promotes weight loss
B) Stimulates insulin
C) Suppresses glucagon
D) Delays gastric emptying

A

C) Suppresses glucagon

25
Q

What class of medicine would a patient receive if they experience renal glucose exertion?

A) Glitazones
B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C) SGL2- Inhibitors
D) Amylin analogues

A

C) SGL2- Inhibitors

26
Q

A patient with a decrease in peripheral glucose uptake in muscle or fat would NOT benefit from which of the following drug?

A) Jardiance
B) Metformin
C) Actos
D) Avandia

A

A) Jardiance

27
Q

A Type 1 Diabetes patient with glucose influx would benefit from which drug?

A) acarbose
B) Pramlintide
C) Glipizide

A

B) Pramlintide

28
Q

Which drug does not increase insulin secretion?

A) Glinides
B) DPP-4
C) Byetta
D) Symlin

A

D) Symlin

29
Q

Which two classes of medication may be taken along with insulin for type 1 diabetics?

A) GLP-1 receptor agonist
B) Amylin analogues
C) Insulin Secretagogues

A

A and B

30
Q

True or False: A patient with diabetes may sometimes need to take more than one medication to treat multiple issues.

A

True

31
Q

What drug is linked to a B12 deficiency?

A) Actos
B) Acarbose
C) Metformin
D) Jardiance

A

C) Metformin

32
Q

What two drugs decreases hepatic glucose production, is not hypoglycemic, and increases insulin sensitivity.

(Hint: starts with M & G)

A

Metformin / Glucophage

33
Q

The common name for actos and Avandia is “glitazones” which make-up what class? -These drugs increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver glucose output but are linked to causing weight gain.

(Hint: long name, starts with T)

A

Thizolidinediones

34
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors inhibit CHO digesting enzymes which slows CHO and result in GI issues like gas. What is the common names of this class?

(Hint: starts with A and P)

A

Acarbose / Precose

35
Q

SGL2-inhibitors inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. What is the common drug name for this class?

(Hint: starts with J)

A

Jardiance

36
Q

GLP-1 receptor agonist stimulate insulin, suppress glucagon, delay gastric emptying, and promote satiety. What are the common drug names?

(Mnemonic: Bye Victoria, Text me When its Official)

A

Byetta
Victoza
Trulicity
Wegovy
Ozempic

37
Q

Amylin analogues are injected before meals to slow gastric emptying and help suppress glucagon. What drugs make up this class?

(Hint: starts with S and P)

A

Symlin/ Pramlintide

38
Q

Sulfonylureas is an insulin secretagogues that stimulates beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin production. What drugs make up this class?

(there’s 3 that start with G, two are interchangeable)

A

Glipizide/Glucotrol, Glyburide

39
Q

Glinides is an insulin secretagogues that stimulates beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin production and are shorter acting than Sulfonylureas. What drugs make up this class?

(Hint: starts with P and S)

A

Prandin, Starlix

40
Q

Glucose- Lowering Medications

A) Promote insulin secretion by the beta-cells
B) Enhance insulin action and lower insulin resistance
C) Inhibit enzymes that digest carbohydrates
D) All the above

A

D) All the above

MNT Exam 3 - Diabetes (10 decks)

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