Glucose Lowering Medications Flashcards
Explain the effects of various glucose-lowering medications
Which of the following is not a hypoglycemic medication?
A) Metformin/ Glucophage
B) Symlin/ Pramlintide
C) Glipizide/Glucotrol
D) Byetta
A) Metformin/ Glucophage
Which class of diabetes medication includes Metformin and primarily reduces liver glucose production while increasing insulin sensitivity in muscles?
A) Sulfonylureas
B) Biguanides
C) SGLT2 Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones
B) Biguanides
True or False: Sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin but carry a risk of hypoglycemia, especially if meals are missed.
True
Meglitinides, such as Repaglinide, are known for:
A) Long-acting insulin stimulation
B) Stimulating quick insulin release before meals with a short duration
C) Blocking glucose absorption in the kidneys
D) Directly increasing insulin sensitivity
B) Stimulating quick insulin release before meals with a short duration
Which class includes Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone and works by increasing insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat tissues?
A) Biguanides
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
C) Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
True or False: SGLT2 inhibitors cause the kidneys to excrete excess glucose in urine, which may help with weight loss but can increase the risk of urinary infections.
True
True or False: GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Exenatide and Ozempic, help increase insulin, reduce glucagon, and slow stomach emptying, potentially aiding in weight loss.
True
Which medication class, exemplified by Acarbose, works by slowing the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines?
A) SGLT2 Inhibitors
B) Amylin Analogues
C) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones
C) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Amylin Analogues, such as Pramlintide, are used with insulin to:
A) Stimulate pancreatic insulin release
B) Slow stomach emptying and suppress glucagon
C) Increase kidney glucose excretion
D) Enhance muscle glucose uptake
B) Slow stomach emptying and suppress glucagon
Which medication class works by causing the kidneys to excrete excess glucose through urine and may aid in weight loss?
A) Sulfonylureas
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) DPP-4 Inhibitors
D) Thiazolidinediones
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
Which of the following classes does not make up Insulin Secretagogues?
A) Sulfonylureas
B) Glinides
C) Biguanides
C) Biguanides
True or False: Sulfonylureas, such as Glipizide and Glyburide, carry a high risk of hypoglycemia because they stimulate the pancreas to release insulin.
True
Which class of medications is first-line for Type 2 diabetes, does not cause hypoglycemia, and includes Metformin?
A) Biguanides
B) Meglitinides
C) GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
A) Biguanides
Which of the following class prolongs the action of GLP-1, thus increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon secretion?
A) DPP-4
B) SGLP2- Inhibitors
C) Biguanides
D) Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
A) DPP-4
True or False: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, like Byetta, may increase appetite and aid in weight gain
False - decreases appetite and aids in weight loss
Which medication class includes Pramlintide and works by slowing stomach emptying and reducing post-meal glucose spikes, often used alongside insulin?
A) Amylin Analogues
B) SGLT2 Inhibitors
C) Thiazolidinediones
D) Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
A) Amylin Analogues
True or False: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, such as Acarbose, slow carbohydrate absorption in the intestines and may cause gastrointestinal side effects but do not typically cause hypoglycemia.
True
Which of the following classes is not potentially hypoglycemic
A) GLP-1 receptor agonist
B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C) Amylin analogues
D) Insulin Secretagogues
B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
A patient with an increase in hepatic glucose output may be prescribed which drug?
A) Insulin
B) Glinides
C) SGLT2 Inhibitor
D) Metformin
D) Metformin
Which of the following would not be prescribed to a patient with increased glucagon secretion?
A) Pramlintide
B) GLP-1
C) Jardiance
D) Insulin
C) Jardiance
True or False: Drugs that are not hypoglycemic are ideal for patients with Type 1 diabetes.
False – ideal for type 2 diabetes
Drugs that are hypoglycemic may drop blood sugar below:
A) 50 mg/dL
B) 70 mg/dL
C) 90 mg/dL
D) 110 mg/dL
B) 70 mg/dL
True or False: a patient needing weight loss while also stimulating insulin may benefit from a GLP-1 receptor agonist, which can be taken orally.
False - GLP-1 receptor agonist are injectables.
Why might a patient with type 1 diabetes take a GLP-1 receptor agonist?
A) It promotes weight loss
B) Stimulates insulin
C) Suppresses glucagon
D) Delays gastric emptying
C) Suppresses glucagon
What class of medicine would a patient receive if they experience renal glucose exertion?
A) Glitazones
B) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C) SGL2- Inhibitors
D) Amylin analogues
C) SGL2- Inhibitors
A patient with a decrease in peripheral glucose uptake in muscle or fat would NOT benefit from which of the following drug?
A) Jardiance
B) Metformin
C) Actos
D) Avandia
A) Jardiance
A Type 1 Diabetes patient with glucose influx would benefit from which drug?
A) acarbose
B) Pramlintide
C) Glipizide
B) Pramlintide
Which drug does not increase insulin secretion?
A) Glinides
B) DPP-4
C) Byetta
D) Symlin
D) Symlin
Which two classes of medication may be taken along with insulin for type 1 diabetics?
A) GLP-1 receptor agonist
B) Amylin analogues
C) Insulin Secretagogues
A and B
True or False: A patient with diabetes may sometimes need to take more than one medication to treat multiple issues.
True
What drug is linked to a B12 deficiency?
A) Actos
B) Acarbose
C) Metformin
D) Jardiance
C) Metformin
What two drugs decreases hepatic glucose production, is not hypoglycemic, and increases insulin sensitivity.
(Hint: starts with M & G)
Metformin / Glucophage
The common name for actos and Avandia is “glitazones” which make-up what class? -These drugs increase insulin sensitivity and decrease liver glucose output but are linked to causing weight gain.
(Hint: long name, starts with T)
Thizolidinediones
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors inhibit CHO digesting enzymes which slows CHO and result in GI issues like gas. What is the common names of this class?
(Hint: starts with A and P)
Acarbose / Precose
SGL2-inhibitors inhibit glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. What is the common drug name for this class?
(Hint: starts with J)
Jardiance
GLP-1 receptor agonist stimulate insulin, suppress glucagon, delay gastric emptying, and promote satiety. What are the common drug names?
(Mnemonic: Bye Victoria, Text me When its Official)
Byetta
Victoza
Trulicity
Wegovy
Ozempic
Amylin analogues are injected before meals to slow gastric emptying and help suppress glucagon. What drugs make up this class?
(Hint: starts with S and P)
Symlin/ Pramlintide
Sulfonylureas is an insulin secretagogues that stimulates beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin production. What drugs make up this class?
(there’s 3 that start with G, two are interchangeable)
Glipizide/Glucotrol, Glyburide
Glinides is an insulin secretagogues that stimulates beta cells of the pancreas to increase insulin production and are shorter acting than Sulfonylureas. What drugs make up this class?
(Hint: starts with P and S)
Prandin, Starlix
Glucose- Lowering Medications
A) Promote insulin secretion by the beta-cells
B) Enhance insulin action and lower insulin resistance
C) Inhibit enzymes that digest carbohydrates
D) All the above
D) All the above
