Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic drugs

Question 0

what are the common u/e of Insulin?

Answer 0

hypoglycemia

Question 1

What is the MOA of insulin?

Answer 1

causes cells in the LV, skeletal muscles and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the blood.

Question 2

Name a rapid onset and short duration insulin:

Answer 2

Regular Insulin - crystalline zinc insulin. Lasts up to 16 hours.

Question 3

Name an intermediate onset and duration Insulin:

Answer 3

Isophane insulin - combo of crystalline zinc and protamine - up to 28 hours.

Question 4

Name a Prolonged duration Insulin:

Answer 4

Glargine Insulin - greater than 36 hours

Question 5

Name the seven Oral Hypoglycemic groups:

Answer 5

Sulfonylurias, Thiazolidinediones, Biguanides, Meglitinide analogues, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Inhibitor, Incretin mimetics, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 6

What drugs has MOA: stimulates the release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas?

Answer 6

Chlorpropamide and glipizide.
Sulfonylurias.
u/e weight gain, hypoglycemia

Question 7

What drug has the MOA: enhances response of target cells to endogenous insulin. aka it is an insulin sensitizer?

Answer 7

Rosiglitazone.
Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)
also can cause ovulation in PCOS, can cause LV toxicity, weight gain by fluid retention and subcutaneous fat deposition.

Question 8

What drug has MOA: reduces hepatic glucose output largely by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis; slows intestinal absorption of sugars; increases sensitivity of tissues to insulin; reduces hyperlipidemia, decreases LDL and VLDLD and increases HDL

Answer 8

Metformin
only hypoglycemic drug proven to decrease cardiovascular mortality. Drug of choice for newly diagnosed type II diabetes. U/E lactic acidosis.
Also used for PCOS

Question 9

What drug has MOA: slows carbohydrate digestion by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase of intestinal brush border and pancreatic amylase resulting in lower serum glucose levels after meals.

Answer 9

Acarbose

u/e flatulence, diarrhea, abdo pain