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CLIN CHEM > INSTRUMENTATION > Flashcards

INSTRUMENTATION Flashcards

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1
Q

used for heating and sterilization purposes
[+2 examples]

A

Borosilicate glass

pyrex
kimax

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2
Q

_________________ characterized by a high degree of thermal resistance and free from [3]

A

Borosilicate glass

heavy metals
arsenic
antimony
magnesiumlime-zinc group of elements

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3
Q

strain point of 515C

A

Pyrex

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4
Q

low alkali content

high resistance alkali

dilute alkali

A

borosilicate glass

boron-free/soft glass

vycor

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5
Q

less thermal resistance

high degree of thermal resistance

high thermal

poor resistance to high temperature

A

boron-free/soft glass

borosilicate glass

vycor

flint glass

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6
Q

special alumina-silicate glass that has been strengthened chemically than thermally [+1 example]

A

Corex

Corning

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7
Q

_______________
utilized for high thermal, drastic heat shock and extreme chemical treatment with acids [except ________] and dilute alkali; it can be heated ________C

A

Vycor

hydofluoric
9OOC

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8
Q

___________
made up of soda-lime glass and a mixture of [3]

A

flint glass

calcium
silicon
sodium oxides

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9
Q

it is easy to melt and used to make disposable glasswares

A

flint glass

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10
Q

6x stronger than borosilicate

A

Corex

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11
Q

has continuous etched rings on top of pipet

absence of etched rings

A

Blowout

Self-draining

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12
Q

liquid is allowed to drain by gravity

exact volume is obtained when the last drop is blown out

A

self-draining

Blowout

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13
Q

for nonviscous fluid transfer pipet

for viscous fluid transfer pipet

A

volumetric pipet

ostwald

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14
Q

is volumetric pipet self-draining or blowout type

A

self draining

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15
Q

small amount left in the tip should not be blown out

A

volumetric pipet

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16
Q

with etched ring

A

ostwald

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17
Q

transfer fluids without consideration of specific volume

A

pasteur pipet

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18
Q

transfer pipet aside from the volumetric, ostwald, pasteur

A

automatic macro/micropipette

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19
Q

4 types of graduated or measuring pipet

A

Serological
Mohr
Bacteriologic
Ball, Kolmer, Kahn

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20
Q

with graduations to the tip
blowout pipet

A

serological pipet

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21
Q

without graduations to the tip
self-draining pipet

A

mohr pipet

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22
Q

The four Micropipetes (< 1ml) - TC pipets

A
  1. Sahli-Hellige pipet
  2. Lang-Levy Pipet
  3. RBC and WBC pipets
  4. Kirk and Overflow Pipet
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23
Q

calibrated between 2 marks

A

mohr pipet

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24
Q

Mechanical or Automatic Pipets
MC [A. Air Displacement Pipet, B. Positive Displacement Pipet C. Dispenser/Dilutor Pipet]

  1. It operates by moving the piston in the pipet tip or barrel, much like a hypodermic syringe.
  2. It relies on piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a disposable tip.
  3. It obtains liquid from a common reservoir and dispensed it repeatedly.
A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
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25
Q

Mechanical or Automatic Pipets
MC [A. Air Displacement Pipet, B. Positive Displacement Pipet C. Dispenser/Dilutor Pipet]

  1. It combines sampling and dispensing functions.
  2. The piston does not come in contact with the liquid.
  3. It does not require a different to for each use
A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
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26
Q

Volume Measurements

1 lambda =

A

1 microliter (0.001 mL.)

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27
Q

1 microliter

A

1.0 milligram

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28
Q

Are made primarily of polypropylene

A

Plastic pipet tips

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29
Q

as the fluid is allowed to drain into the receiving vessel, pipets should be held in _________ position w/ the tips [parallel/against] the side of the receptacle.

A

avertical

against

30
Q

For volumetric TD pipette, it should not be _______ or _______ against the wall of the container during draining because any disruption of the free-flowing fluid may result in an inaccurate deliver of the liquid

A

shaken
hit

31
Q

these 2 conditions indicate that the pipette is not sufficiently clean

A

imperfect wetting

presence of discreet droplets of water

32
Q

is the cleaning solution of glassware

A

acid dichromate

33
Q

laboratory balances require _______ at regular intervals and they should coincide the requirements of lab testing and accrediting organizations

A

calibration

34
Q

the new mass standards and test weight accuracy classes appropriate for laboratory balances

A

American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM] classes 1/2

35
Q

the operator must avoid direct contact with weights by using _______ or special lifting tools [example]. Hand contact with the weights can cause _________.

A

clean gloves
forceps
corrosion

36
Q

Total immersion thermometers [2]

A

Refrigerators

Freezers

37
Q

Noncertified thermometers can be calibrated by using these two

A

NIST SRM934
NIST SRM1968 gallium melting point cell

38
Q

Temperature monitoring devices should be verified for accuracy at __________ month intervals.

A

6 or 12

39
Q

Liquids are pumped through a system of continuous tubing

A

Continuous Flow Analyzer

40
Q

uses the force generated by centrifugation to transfer spx and rgts

A

Centrifugal Analyzer

41
Q

samples flow through a common reaction vessel or pathway

A

Continuous Flow Analyzer

42
Q

they serve as separating and cleaning media in continuous flow analyzer

A

air bubbles

43
Q

in continuous flow analyzer and discrete analyzers, __________ maintain the required temperature of the rxn to allow complete color development

A

heating bath

44
Q

____________________
Liquids are placed in separate cuvets for measurement at the perimeter of a _________ [#rpm]

A

centrifugal analzyer
spinning rotor

1OOO rpm

45
Q

Mixing of spx/rgts:

by using glass coil inserted into the flow path

rotor and bubbling of air

A

continuous flow analyzer

centrifugal analyzer

46
Q

Examples are Cobas-Bio [Roche] and IL Monarch

A

Centrifugal Analyzer

47
Q

cons: all tests are performed in parallel where measurement of every analyte configured on the system for every sample

A

continuous flow analyzer

48
Q

major pros:

Batch analysis [discrete-batch]

A

centrifugal analyzer

49
Q

most popular and versatile analyzer
measures only the test requested on a sample

A

Discrete analyzer

50
Q

Discrete analyzer requires [# uL] of the sample

A

2-6uL

51
Q

employs a variety of syringe pipettes [positive liquid-displacement pipets] to aspirate and dispense samples/rgts

A

discrete analyzer

52
Q

capable of running multiple-tests-one-sample-at-a-time

A

discrete analyzer

53
Q

each sample-rgt mixture handled separately in its own reaction vessel

A

discrete analyzer

54
Q

in discrete analyzer, for _______technology [_________ photometry], the spreading layer permits a rapid uniform spreading layer over the rgt layer

A

dry slide technology
reflectance photometry

55
Q

discrete analyzer mixing methods [5]

A

magnetic stirrings bars
magnetic driven teflon stirring bars
ultrasonic energy
rotating paddle
forceful energy

56
Q

major pros is its random access capability– allowing STAT samples to be easily tested

A

Discrete analyzers

57
Q

measurement of light reflected from solid surfaces

A

reflectance photometry

58
Q

the intensity of the reflected light from the rgt carrier is compared with the intensity of light reflected from a reference surface

A

reflectance photometry

59
Q

a ___________ is used to measure analytes by measuring the quantity of light reflected by a liquid sample that has been dispensed onto a grainy or fibrous solid support

A

reflectance photometry

reflectometer

60
Q

common methods used for measuring methods

A

visible and UV light spectrophotometry

61
Q

Abbott TDX uses this for drug analysis

A

fluorescent polarization

62
Q

Tablet form reagents

A

ACA Star [Dade]
Paramax

63
Q

Multilayered dry slide [thin film] reagents

A

Vitros analyzer

64
Q

is the transport of quantity of analyte or reagent from one specimen reaction into another, and contaminating a subsequent one

A

Carry over

65
Q

all samples are loaded at the same time, and a single test is conducted on each sample

A

Batch testing

66
Q

more than one test is analyzed concurrently on a given clinical spx

A

parallel testing

67
Q

any test can be performed on any sample in any sequence

A

random access testing

68
Q

multiple tests analyzed one after another on a given spx

A

Sequential testing

69
Q

a system other than manufacturer’s rgts can be utilized for measurements

A

open reagent system

70
Q

a system where the operator can only used the manufacturer’s rgts

A

closed-reagent system

71
Q

it provides point-to-point delivery of spx to the lab and offered several advantages over spx transport by humans

A

pneumatic tube delivery system

CLIN CHEM (12 decks)

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