Instrument Procedures Approaches Flashcards by Callum Bertram

What is the speeds for a CAT A aircraft

Vat <91
Initial approach speed 90/150
Final approach speed 70/100
Max visual circling speed 100

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Speeds for CAT B aircraft

Vat 91/120
Initial approach speed 120/180
Final approach speed 85/130
Max visual circling speed 135

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Speeds for class C aircraft

Vat 121/140
Initial approach speed 160/240
Final approach speed 115/160
Max visual circling speed 180

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Speeds for class D aircraft

Vat 141/165
Initial approach speed 185/250
Final approach speed 130/185
Max visual circling speed 205

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What is the min obstacle clearance at min sector altitude / terminal arrival altitudes

300m within 25nms of nav aid

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When can you descend below MSA

The aerodrome is visible

Aircraft radar vectored

Flying published procedure

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What does axis does precision approach use

Azimuth and glide path

NOT distance

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CAT 1

System min 60m (200ft)

DH >60m (200ft)

RVR >550m

Ground vis >800m

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CAT 11

System min 30m (100ft)

DH 30-60m (100-200ft)

RVR >350m

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CAT 111 A

System min nil

DH <30m (100ft) or no DH

RVR >200m

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Cat 111 B

System min nil

DH <15m (50ft) or no DH

RVR 50-200m

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Cat 111C

System min nil

DH >60m nil

RVR nil

Ground vis nil

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What happens if you lose glide slope

Becomes non precision approach

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Who is DH/DA set by

Operator

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Who is OCH / OCA set by

obstacle clearance height

The state

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What is a visual approach

Part of an instrument approach except it is finished visually (not the same as going to DH)

Note not need to be VMC

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Who is responsible for separation in a visual approach

Provided by atc

Must still follow profile of the instrument approach

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When can a instrument procedure be completed in a different way than that published

When given contrary instructions by atc

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If RVR is below limits what is the lowest you can go for non- precision and precision approaches

Non- precision
300m (1000ft)

Precision
Not past outer marker

If already lower than this when RVR goes below min = continue to DH /DA / MDA / MDH

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What is a straight - in approach for a non precision approach

Where the final approach track (FAT) converges with the runway of 30° or less

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When are you “established” on a NDB

Non precision approach

5° either side of final approach track (FAT)

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What is the MOC when in the primary section

Primary section = within half scale deflection

= 300m

600m for mountainous areas

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What is MOC in secondary areas

Outside halfwidth deflection

= reduces until it is 0 at edges of secondary area

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What is fix tolerance area

Area of uncertainty

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What is most accurate for track guidance

Ils localiser

What is most accurate for bearing

Ils localiser

What is most accurate for overhead position

NDB

What is a arrival segment

Permits transition from the en route phase to the approach phase

What is the initial approach segment

Aircraft had left the en route structure and is entering the instrument approach procedure

What is the intermediate approach segment

In which the aircrafts speed and configuration is adjusted to prepare the aircraft for the final approach

In which segment is the aircrafts speed and configuration adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach

Intermediate approach segment

What is the final approach segment

In which alignment and descent for landing are made

What is missed approach segment

Which must be followed if the approach cannot be continued

When does the arrival segment start and finish and what is the MOC

Starts on leaving en rote phase or 25nm MOC 300m

When does the initial approach segment start and end and what is the MOC

Starts at the IAF Ends at the IF MOC 300m

When does the intermediate approach segment start and finish What is the MOC

Starts at initial fix Ends at the final approach fix MOC reduces from 300m to 150m

When does the final approach segment start and end

Starts final approach fix | Ends on landing or at the missed approach fix

When does a STAR begin and end

Normally begins at the end of the en route End at the initial approach fix

What is the max intercept from IAF to IF for precision and non precision approaches

Precision = 90° | Non precision = 120°

What is the max intercept for a dead reckoning between IAF to IF

45° at 10nm

What is the optimum distance for a FAF

Final approach fix Optimum 5nm Maximum 10nm

What is a step down fix

A point on a approach at which a certain height can’t be descended below If reach height before it = level off until reach SDF (step down fix)

When can a aircraft descent to MDH/ MDA on a non precision approach with no FAF

Once established on the final approach track (FAT) NDB = +/- 5° of final approach track

Who is responsible for terrain clearance

Pilot in command always Except When being radar vectored

What is the OCH / OCA set by

The state Non precision reference from aerodrome elevation or threshold if it is more than 7ft below aerodrome elevation for VM(C) based upon the highest obstacle in the VM(c) area

What is the system minima for CAT 1

60m (200ft)

What is system minima for CAT 11

30m (100ft)

What is system minima for CAT 111

Not applicable

What is the vertical distance between the wheels and the glide path aerial for class A and B aircraft

What is the vertical distance between the wheels and the glide path aerial for class C and D aircraft

What is the MOC for calculation of MDH / MDA

Without FAF = 90m (295ft) With FAF = 75m (246ft)

What is the MOC for MDH / MDA for VM(C)

Category A and B = 90m (295ft) Category C and D = 120m (394ft) OCH shall not be less than ``` CAT A = 120m (394ft) CAT B = 150m (492ft) CAT C = 180m (591ft) CAT D = 210m CAT E = 240m ``` = +30m every time

What is the max approach gradient without authority permission

6.5%

What is a track reversal

Turn from outbound to inbound track

What is a procedure turn

Turn from outbound to inbound where track is reciprocated

What is the times for a track reversal 450/180° procedure turn

CAT A and B = 1 min CAT C and D and E = 1min 15 seconds

What is a base turn track reversal

Outbound on one track and inbound on a different track

What is a approach turning point

Will have a DME range Takes priority over timings

In the missed approach where does the initial phase start and end

Starts at the missed approach point Ends when climb established No turns allowed

In the missed approach where does the intermediate phase start and end

Starts at climb established Ends at 50m obstacle clearance can be maintained and guaranteed Turns up to 15° allowed 2.5% gradient climb endures 30m obstacle clearance at all times

In the missed approach where does the final phase start and end

Starts at 50m obstacle clearance can be maintained Ends aircraft initiates new approach, hold, or returns to en-route Turns over 15° permitted MOC 50m

Can you fly over the MAPt higher than the altitude on the procedure

Yes as long as you pass over it Ensure min obstacle clearance is not infringed throughout the procedure

What are RNAV approaches based on

VOR DME co- located = non precision

What is the most important factor with regards to instrument approaches

Speed