institutionalisation AO1 Flashcards
what is institutionalisation?
- the effects of living in an institutional setting.
- institution refers to the place like a hospital or orphanage where children live for a long, continuous period of time.
- there is often little emotional care provided
rutter et al’s procedure - rutter and colleagues followed a group of …. romanian orphans for many years. the orphans had been adopted by families in the …. . the aim of the ERA has been to investigate the extent to which good …. could make up for poor …. …… in …… . physical, cognitive and emotional development has been ….. at ages .. , … , … , … and …-… years. a group of … children from the uk adopted around the same time have served as a ….. group.
- rutter and colleagues followed a group of 165 romanian orphans for many years. the orphans has been adopted by families in the uk. the aim of the ERA has been to investigate the extent to which good care could make up for poor early experiences in institutions. physical, cognitive and emotional development has been assessed at ages 4, 6, 11, 15 and 22-25 years. a group of 52 children from the uk adopted around the same time have served as a control group.
rutter et al’s findings - when the children …. arrived in the uk, …. the adoptees showed signs of deflated ….. development and the majority were severely …… . at age …, the adopted children showed differential rates of ….. that were related to their ages of ….. . the mean IQ of those children adopted:
- adopted before the age of 6 months - ….
- adopted between six months and two years - …
- adopted after 2 years - …
these differences remained at age … .
in terms of attachment, there appears to be a ….. in outcome related to whether adoption took place …. or …. 6 months. those children adopted …. they were 6 months showed signs of a particular attachment style called …… …… . in contrast, those children adopted …. the age of 6 months …. displayed ….. ….. .
when the children first arrived in the UK, half the adoptees showed signs of deflated intellectual development and the majoirty were severely undernourished. at age 11, the adopted children showed differential rates of recovery that were related to their ages of adoption. the mean IQof those children adopted:
• adopted before the age of six months - 102
• adopted between six months and two years - 86
• adopted after 2 years - 77
these differences remained at age 16.
in terms of attachment, there appeared to be a difference in outcome related to whether adoption took place before or after 6 months. those children adopted after they were 6 months showed signs of a particular attachment style called disinhibited attachment.
in contrast those children adopted before the age of 6 months rarely displayed disinhibited attachment.
zeanah et al’s procedure - zeanah et al assessed attachment in …. romanian children aged …-… months who had spent most of their lives in ….. care (..% on average). they were compared to a control group of … children who had never lived in an …. . their attachment type was measured using the …. ….. . in addition, carers were asked about ….. social behaviour including clingy, attention-seeking behaviour directed ….. at all adults (….. attachment).
zeanah et al assessed attachment in 95 romanian children aged 12-31 months who had spent most of their lives in institutional care (90% on average). they were compared to a control group of 50 children who had never lived in an institution. their attachment type was measured using the strange situation. In addition, carers were asked about unusual social behaviour including clingy, attention-seeking behaviour directed inappropriately at all adults (a measure of disinhibited attachment)
zeanah et al’s findings - the researchers found that ..% of the control group were classed as …. attached in the strange situation. however only ..% of the ….. group were ….. attached. in contrast, the description of ….. attachment applied to ..% of …… children as opposed to less than ..% of the controls.
the researchers found that 74% of the control group were classed as securely attached in the strange situation. however, only 19% of the institutional group were securely attached. in contrast, the description of disinhibited attachment applied to 44% of institutionalised children as opposed to less than 20% of the controls
