Inspector Chapter 12 Flashcards
_____ _____ _____ are used as the first line defense against fire.
Automatic Sprinkler Systems
Fire loss data reveals that in buildings equipped with automatic sprinklers, about _____ of all fires were controlled or extinguished by the sprinkler system.
94%
The Fire death rate per thousand in sprinkler-equipped hotels and motels is ___.
1.6
The Fire death rate per thousand in non-sprinklered hotels and motels is ___.
9.1
Most fires in sprinkler-equipped structures are controlled by the operation of how many sprinkler heads?
1-2
Consists of open sprinklers attached to unpressurized dry pipes that activates when a detection device in the protected area senses a fire and opens the waterflow control valve.
Deluge Sprinkler System
Continually charged with air that may or may not be under pressure. System operates when a sprinkler opens due to a thermally sensitive device activating and one or more detection devices in the same area triggers the water flow control valve to open.
Preaction Sprinkler System
Wet-pipe system that is continually charged with an antifreeze solution.
Antifreeze Sprinkler System
Wet-pipe system that uses the sprinkler system to circulate water for non-fire-protection building services such as heating or cooling. Closed System.
Circulating closed-loop Sprinkler System
System used in special circumstances where an additional level of protection against false activation is required.
Combined dry pipe and preaction sprinkler system.
System designed to be operated repeatedly in response to a detection device. System shuts on and off based on the demand indicated by the detection device.
Multicycle Sprinkler System
_____ _____ consist of parallel cross mains connected by multiple branch lines.
Gridded Systems
_____ _____ consist of interconnected cross mains that provide multiple routes for water to reach any point in the system.
Looped Systems
_____ _____ is a common design because of the advantage of water flow from multiple directions.
Looped Systems
Every automatic sprinkler system is equipped with a _____ _____ _____ _____ on either side of a check valve (backflow preventer) that prevent sprinkler water from flowing back into the water supply.
Main Waterflow Control Valve
Gate valve that has a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem or screw
Outside Stem and Yoke
Underground gate valve that has a hollow metal post attached to the valve housing. The valve stem inside the post has a target on which the words OPEN or SHUT appear.
Post Indicator Valve
Similar to a PIV except that it extend horizontally through the wall with the target and valve operating nut on the outside of the building.
Wall Post Indicator Valve
Similar to the PIV except that it uses a butterfly valve, while the PIV uses a gate valve.
Post Indicator Valve Assembly
Operating Valves: Located on the riser and used to flow water for testing the waterflow alarm; performs a function similar to the inspector’s test valve that may be located at a remote part of the system piping.
Alarm-Test Valve
Operating Valves: Used to limit the flow of water to one direction; placed in the water supply line to prevent recirculation or backflow of water from the sprinkler system into the municipal water supply system.
Check Valves
Used to drain water from piping when pressure is relieved in the pipe; may be main drain or auxiliary valves.
Drain Valves
May be globe, ball, or gate valves; used primary as drains and test valves. With many packaged valves in use, ball valves are common. The inspector’s test valve is used a globe valve and may sometimes be found at a remote location within a sprinkler system.
Trim Valves
Used for drains and to keep water from freezing in the pipes and damaging them.
Drip check or Drip ball valves
Vertical water pipe used to carry water for fire protection systems above ground, such as a standpipe or sprinkler.
Riser
Short vertical sections of pipe:
Nipple Risers
Sprinklers are installed on the branch lines with:
Nipple Risers
The arrangement of pipes is created by using one of two methods:
Pipe Schedule Tables or Hydraulic Calculations
Sprinkler Design: Recessed and covered with a removable decorate cover that releases when exposed to a specific level of heat
Concealed
Sprinkler Design: Mounted in a ceiling with the body of the sprinkler, including the threaded shank, above the plane of the ceiling
Flush
Sprinkler Design: Installed downward from the branch line so that water flowing from the sprinkler strikes the deflector and is distributed over the protected area
Pendant
Sprinkler Design: Installed in a recessed housing within the ceiling of a compartment or space; all or part of the sprinkler other than the threaded shank is mounted in the housing
Recessed
Sprinkler Design: Mounted horizontally from a wall face so that the deflector causes the water to be distributed in an arc over the protected area while a portion of the spray is directed at the supporting wall face.
Sidewall
Sprinkler Design: Installed upward from a branch line so that water is discharged up against the deflector.
Upright
Sprinkler Type: A type of spray sprinkler capable of producing characteristic large water droplets and that is listed for its capability of providing fire control of specific high-challange fire hazards
Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA)
Sprinkler Type: Designed to suppress fires in high-challenge hazards such as warehouses; developed as a result of the research into residential-type sprinklers that must react rapidly to protect life in the room of orgin
Early suppression fast-response (ESFR)
Sprinkler Type: Designed to cover an area greater than 15 feet x 15 feet
Extended Coverage (EC)
Designed to direct 40-to-60 percent of its discharge in a downward direction. Must be installed in an upright or pendent position, and the deflector may be altered according to installation. May find these in old facilities.
Old-style/Conventinal
Designed with an open orifice and no thermal or heat-responsive element or plug. Most commonly found in deluge systems.
Open
Designed to provide increased life safety in hotels, motels, and similar residential occupancies.
Quick-response early suppression (QRES)
Designed to provide increased life safety in hotels, motels, and similar residential occupancies; has a larger area of coverage than QRES sprinklers.
Quick-Response Extended Coverage (QREC)
Designed for fast response in residential occupancies where life safety in the room of origin is the primary concern.
Residential (RES)
Designed and limited to protect special hazards
Special
Designed for use in general types of occupancies.
Standard Spray (SS)
Designed for use in situations that require a special water-discharge pattern, directional spray, or any other unusual discharge characteristics
Nozzle
Standard sprinkler may have an operating temperature of _____
165F
Constructed of stainless steel or is factory coated with a corrosion-resistant material. Usually installed in areas containing acids or caustic materials or processes.
Corrosion-Resistant
Attached to a dry pipe nipple that is separated from a wet branch line by a pressure seal
Dry
Designed to be damage resistant with no removable parts.
Institutional
Shields are added to prevent the sprinkler from being affected by the operation of sprinklers at a higher level
Intermediate level or Rack Storage
Specially painted or plated by the manufacturer to match the decor of the surrounding area.
Ornamental or decorative
A standard spray or thermostatic fixed temperature release device used as a detector to pneumatically or hydraulically release the main valve.
Pilot line detector
Device for measuring temperature in which two electrical conductors of dissimilar metals such as copper and iron are joined at the point where heat is applied
Thermocouple
Occurs when thermocouples reach a preset temperature, releasing the sprinkler plug.
Sprinkler Activation
Activates based on the maximum temperate expected at the level of the sprinkler under normal conditions.
Specific Application Sprinkler
Activates preaction and deluge systems by smoke, heat, or rate-of-rise detectors in the protected area. May also act as notification or alarm system to warn occupants.
Electronic Heat Detector
Activates an alarm on the sprinkler waterflow control valve and area valves.
Waterflow Alarm
Sprinkler Color: Uncoded or Black
Ordinary: 135-170
Sprinkler Color: White
Intermediate: 175-225
Sprinkler Color: Blue
High: 250-300
Sprinkler Color: Red
Extra High: 325-375
Sprinkler Color: Green
Very Extra High: 400-475
Sprinkler Color: Orange
Ultra High: 500-575
Residential System: Single Sprinkler GPM requirement:
18 GPM
Residential System: Two or More Sprinkler GPM requirement:
13GPM each
Spacing for a sprinklers in a residential system is a maximum of ____ square feet per sprinkler.
144 Square Feet
Residential: Maximum spacing between sprinklers is ___ with the maximum allowable distance of a sprinkler to a wall being _____
12 Feet; 6 Feet
The _____ _____ fixed system discharged water over the area or surface to be protected through an arrangement of pipes and nozzles.
Water-Spray
A _____ _____ system is similar to water-spray, except that the ***** system discharges a fine mist of water.
Water-Mist
Water Mist Low Pressure PSI:
175psi or less
Water-Mist Intermediate-pressure System PSI:
175-500psi
Water-Mist High-Pressure System PSI:
500+psi
In Water-Mist systems, cylinders that have not been discharged should be emptied and tested every:
12 Years
In Water-Mist systems, Empty cylinders must be tested before recharging if it has been more than _____.
5 Years
For Foam-Water Systems, how long must the required duration be?
15 Minutes
For Foam-Water systems the , how often should the proportioner be tested?
Annually
Class ___ standpipe systems are for use by firefighters trained in handling large handlines.
Class I
Class I standpipe systems have _____ hose connections or hose stations.
2 1/2 Inch
Class ___ standpipe system is primarily designed for use by building occupants.
Class II
Class ___ standpipes combine the features of Class I and Class II systems.
Class III
Standpipe with empty pipe that is connected to a permanent water supply. Uses a device such as a deluge valve to admit water into the system piping upon activation of a remote control device.
Semiautomatic-Dry
Contains water in the system from a domestic supply but replies on water through the FDC to meet system demand
Manual-Dry
Maintains water from a domestic fill connection in the piping to detect leaks in the system.
Manual-Wet
An _____ _____ _____ system with an automatic water supply is the most common type of standpipe.
Automatic Wet Standpipe
The current NFPA 14 minimum for requirement in standpipes for residual pressure is _____ at the fire hose outlet.
100psi
Current practice is to locate fire hose valves so that any part of a floor is within _____ of the standpipe hose connection:
130 Feet
Standpipes and their connections are most commonly located:
Within rated stair enclosures.
Standpipe hose connections can be located no more than ____ from floor level.
6 feet.
Where the discharge pressure at a hose exceeds _____, NFPA requires a pressure-regulating device to limit the pressure to:
175psi; 100psi
Consist of a simple restricting orifice inserted into the water way.
Pressure-restricting devices
Pressure restricting devices are limited to systems with: (Hose discharge and PSI)
1 1/2 inch; 175 PSI
Preferred for managing excessive pressure and considered to be the most reliable method of pressure control. Uses a pitot tube and gauge to read the pressure and automatically reduce the flow through the discharge
Pressure-Control Devices
Preferred for managing excessive pressure; used a spring mechanism that compensates for variations in pressure.
Pressure-reducing devices
Valve installed at the standpipe connection that is designed to reduce the amount of water pressure at that discharge to a specific pressure, usually 100psi
Pressure-Reducing Valve
Relay-supply hose of 3 1/2 to 6 inches in diameter.
Large Diameter Hose
A High-Rise Building is defined as a building that is higher than:
75 Feet
Pump with one or more impellers that rotate and utilize centrifugal force to move the water.
Centrifugal Pump
The _____ _____-_____ pump is the most common type of fire pump found in stationary fire suppression systems
Horizonal split-case
Pressure exerted by a stationary column of water, directly proportional to the height of the column
Head Pressure
The most common gallon rating for the horizontal split-case pumps in use today are those in the _____ range.
500-1,500 GPM
Horizontal split-case pumps are available in ranges:
150gpm-4,500 GPM
What is the main advantage of a vertical split-case pump?
Its compactness
The vertical inline pump has a capacity of: (GPM and PSI)
1,500 GPM; 165 PSI
Vertical turbine pump are available with discharge pressures up to:
500 PSI
End suction pumps have pressure ratings from:
40-150 PSI
End Suction pumps have flow ranges from:
50-750 GPM
Pump used to maintain pressure on a fire protection system in order to prevent false starts at the fire pump
Pressure-Maintenance Pump
An _____ _____ is the most common method for driving a fire pump.
Electric Motor
Risers that are 4 inches or larger in diameter are equipped with a _____ main drain.
2-inch
If a dry-pipe sprinkler system is equipped with a _____-______ _____, opening the priming water test line could trip the system.
Quick-Opening Device
In a dry-pipe sprinkler system, the system’s air pressure is maintained at _____-to-_____ above the trip point and no air leaks are indicated by a rapid or steady air loss.
15-to-20 PSI
The distortion of a material caused by the repeated heating of a fusible link to near its operating temperature.
Cold Flow
A minimum clearance of _____, measured from the deflector, should be maintained under sprinkler, depending on the type.
18-36 inches
Residential structure sprinkler water supply requirement:
10 Minutes
Residential structure sprinkler water supply requirement of structures less than 2,000 square feet, no more tan one story in height:
7 minutes
NFPA 13R system requires that four sprinklers operate for _____
30 minutes
Piping sizing requirements for residential sprinkler systems is a minimum of:
1/2 inch
In all cases, the area of coverage for any residential sprinklers cannot exceed _____
400 Square Feet
Verify that the ball drip valves are open and operable and that no corrosion is present on the foam concentrate storage tanks:
Standard Pressure Proportioner
Check the operation of the waterflow control valves, look for corrosion on the exterior of the storage tank, and look for the presence of foam in the water around the bladder.
Bladder Tank Proportioner
Inspect the strainers to verify that they are not obstructed, look for corrosion on the exterior of the storage tank, and verify that the pressure vacuum vent is operational.
Line Proportioner
With standpipe and hose systems, building management personnel should make a visual inspection at least:
Once a Month
The recommended inspection frequency for stationary fire pumps is:
Weekly
