Inspector Chapter 10 Flashcards
Hazardous materials responses generally require that responding personnel be specially trained and equipped to manage a _____
Chemical Release
Regardless of the method, _____ is an important element in any hazardous materials system that a fire inspector evaluates
Pressure Relief
Ability of two or more chemicals to react and release energy and the ease with which this reaction takes place.
Reactivity
_____ regulate hazardous material transportation and its pipelines in the U.S.
The Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
Who handles the application of pesticides, fungicides, and rodenticides?
What Act approves the materials?
The U.S environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Before a fire inspector and inspect hazardous materials, these materials must be:
Assigned the proper classification using the criteria in the adopted fire code.
_____ is the first step in regulating hazardous materials.
Proper Hazard classification
A free internet-based search engine developed by the National Library of Medicine.
Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER)
Hazardous materials are broadly classified into two major categories:
Physical Hazard Materials and Health Hazard Materials
Supersonic thermal decomposition
Detonation
Chemical reaction producing vigorous heat and sparks or flames and moving through the material at less than the speed of sound:
Deflagration
_____ are those materials that burn, accelerate burning, detonation, or deflagration.
Physical Hazard Materials.
There are ___ classes of physical hazard materials and within them a number of subcategories.
10
_____ are the most common class of hazardous materials that inspectors will encounter.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
A liquid is classified as either flammable or combustible when it contains _____
Carbon and hydrogen
Liquids are classified as either flammable or combustible based on:
Their flash point and boiling point temperatures.
Gases are categorized into three groups depending on:
Their physical state in containers under certain temperatures and pressures and their range of boiling points
Gasses are categorized into what three groups?
Nonliquified compressed gases, Liquified compressed gases, Dissolved gases.
Compressed gases are those that do not liquefy at normal temperature and pressure (68F at 14.7 PSI absolute) and under pressures as high as 10,000 PSIG
Nonliquified Compressed Gases
____ are those gases that become liquids at ordinary temperatures and pressures from 25 to 600 PSIG
Liquified Compressed Gases
Liquified Compressed gases are those gases that become liquids at ordinary temperatures and pressures between:
25-600 PSIG
Liquified gases have boiling points relatively atmospheric temperatures ranging from approximately:
-130F- 25-30F
A gas is ____ when it is placed in solution with another chemical to stablize it.
Dissolved
Gas that is converted into a liquid by being cooled below -150F
Cryogen
Cryogenic liquids have a boiling point of:
-130F
All _____ (except oxygen) are either asphyxiants or toxic.
Cryogenic Liquids
Hydrogen is very easily ignited and particularly hazardous, forming flammable mixtures with air over a wide range of concentrations. What is the concentration range?
4-75%
A _____ should be installed on every length of pipe between two shutoff valves carrying cryogenic liquids.
Pressure-relief device
Flammable solids have an ignition temperature of less than:
212F
Liquids, solids, or gaseous materials that, even in small quantities and without external ignition sources, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming into contact with air.
Pyrophoric Materials
Materials that have the potential to self-heat when they com in contact with air.
Self-heating Materials
_____ is an example of a dangerous-when-wet material.
Magnesium Phosphide
Organic Peroxides only exist as:
Solids or Liquids
_____ release energy in the form of heat and are used to introduce energy into chemical reactions so more useful compounds can be created.
Organic Peroxides
All organic peroxides have a limited shelf life, usually:
One year or less
Oxidizers typically end with ___ or begin with ___
-ate or -ite, per-
Solid and liquid oxidizers are divided into ___ hazard classes.
Four
With Oxidizers, the Higher/Lower the Arabic Numerical Rating, The Greater the Hazard.
Higher
Are a category of solid, liquid, or gaseous hazardous materials materials that are a significant physical hazard.
Pryrophorics
Material that ignites spontaneously when exposed to Air.
Pyrophoric
A material is classified as pyrophoric when it auto-ignites at temperatures of:
130F or less
Because of the inherent hazard of auto-ignition, model codes require _____ in buildings housing pyrophoric materials.
Automatic Sprinkler Protection
With unstable materials, the stabilizing chemical is called a:
Diluent
A _____ that occurs if the material is not cooled at a proper rate during a polymerization can produce a reaction
Thermal Shock
Water-reactive materials are categorized into ___ different hazard classes.
Three
Materials classified as toxic or highly toxic include substances capable of producing serious illness or death once they:
Enter the bloodstream
Concentration of a given material that may be tolerated for an 8-hour exposure during a regular workweek without ill effects.
Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
Refers to the ingested dose of a given substance that was lethal to 50 percent or more of the test population when the swallowed or ate the substance.
LD50
Refers to the concentration in the air of a given substance that killed 50 percent or more of the test population when they inhaled or absorbed the vapors, fumes, or mists of the substance.
LC50
_____ are extensively used in water and wastewater treatment, metal finishing, and extraction and processing of minerals.
Corrosives
The classification of _____ in the model fire codes is assigned when the material causes irreversible alteration or visible destruction to human skin.
Corrosive
Substance containing two or more materials not chemically united.
Mixture
Hazardous materials that are incompatible are considered separated if they are separated by a distance of:
20 Feet
Hazardous materials that are incompatible are considered separated if they are separated by:
A non-combustible line-of-sight barrier
All of the codes exempt hazardous materials packages weight less than _____ or with a volume of _____ or less.
5 pounds; 0.5 Gallons
How many sections do an SDS contain?
16
UN Hazard Class 1
Explosives
UN Hazard Class 2
Gases
UN Hazard Class 3
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
UN Hazard Class 4
Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible Materials, and Danger-When-Wet materials.
UN Hazard Class 5
Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides
UN Hazard Class 6
Poison (Toxic) and Poison Inhalation Hazard
UN Hazard Class 7
Radioactive
UN Hazard Class 8
Corrosive Materials
UN Hazard Class 9
Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
How many UN Hazard Classes are there?
9
Required under OSHA HCS to provide appropriate labels on their product containers
Chemical Manufacturers and Importers
Provide their own marking systems for hazardous materials and chemicals in addition to DOT and TC markings on transports
Military Services
Must provide markers where pipelines cross under roads, railroads, nd waterways.
Pipeline Companies
Provides number ratings for rapidly identifying the presence of hazardous materials and the potential severity based on health, flammability, instability, and related hazards.
NFPA 704 System
Under the U.S. Federal Hazardous Substances Act (HFSA), labels on products destined for consumer households must incorporate one of the following signal words to indicate the degree of hazard associated with the product:
CAUTION, WARNING, DANGER, POISON
Signal Word: May have minor health effects (such as eye or skin irritation)
CAUTION
Signal Word: Moderate hazards that have significant health effects or flammability
WARNING
Signal Word: Highest degree of hazard; also used on products that explode when exposed to heat.
DANGER
Signal Word: Use in addition to DANGER on the labels of highly toxic materials
POISON
The NFPA 704 system uses a rating system from ___ to ___.
Lower is More/Less Severe?
0-to-4
Less (0 is minimal, 4 is severe hazard).
With the NFPA 704 system, what is located in the 6 O’clock position?
Special Hazards
Maximum amount of a hazardous material to be stored or used within a control area inside a building or an outdoor control area
Maximum Allowable Quantity Per Control Area
Listed flammable liquid or hazardous material cabinets provide at least _____of fire resistance based on the ASTM E-119 fire test.
10 minutes
When hazardous materials are isolated by noncombustible enclosures or the building is protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system, the model fire codes typically _____ without a change of occupancy.
Double the MAQ (Maximum Allowable quantity)
Packaging for hazardous materials is categorized into two broad categories:
Bulk; Nonbulk
Nonbulk packaging for liquids is less than:
119 Gallons
Nonbulk packaging for solids is less than:
882 pounds
Nonbulk packaging for compressed gas cylinders is:
Water capacity of less than 1,000 pounds
_____ is the accepted measurement of the available volume of compressed gas cylinders.
Water capacity
A cylinder’s empty weight is also called:
Tare
An inspector most often encounters flammable or combustible liquids stored in containers that are a maximum of:
5 Gallons
Rigid or Flexible portable packaging, other than a cylinder or portable tank, that is designed for mechanical handling with a maximum capacity of not more tan 3 cubic meters (793 gallons) and a minimum capacity of not less than 0.45 cubic meters (119 gallons), or a maximum net mass of not less than 400 kilograms (882 pounds)
Intermediate Bulk Container
All IBC’s are subject to requalification every:
30 months.
NFPA 30 prohibits the use of rigid plastic IBC’s for the storage and dispensing of:
Class I flammable Liquids
NFPA 30 limits the use of fiberboard IBC’s for:
Class III-B Liquids.
With IBC’s, Gravity dispensing is prohibited for dispensing:
Class 1-A Flammable Liquids and Highly Toxic Liquids
Atmospheric aboveground storage tanks can range in volume:
60-60,000 Gallons
For Shop-Fabricated Aboveground Storage Tanks holding Class I flammable Liquids require a pressure/vacuum vent, the PV vent must terminate at least _____ above grade, and _____ from lot lines that can be built upon.
12 Feet; 5 Feet
The most important safety feature on any AST is the _____
Emergency Vent
Field-erected AST’s are fabricated from: (2 answers)
Plate Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel
Tanks that operate at a pressure between _____ or that store liquids at temperatures above _____ are classified as low pressure field-erected AST’s.
2-15 PSI
200F
For Field AST’s, Cone roof tanks are generally limited to:
Combustible Liquids
Of all the available storage tank designs, _____ offer the highest degree of fire safety.
Underground Storage Tanks
With the exception of _____, UST’s are safe from most fire exposures
Lightning Strikes
Most UST’s are constructed of: (2 answers)
Carbon Steel or Glass-Fiber reinforced Plastic
_____ are engineered stationary containers designed to store liquids, cryogenic fluids, or gases at pressures of 15 PSIG or greater.
Pressure Vessels
With certain exceptions, any unfired vessel over _____ in diameter and more than _____ in length that operates at _____ or greater and is not part of a piping system is classified as a pressure Vessel
6 inches, 2 feet, 15 PSIG
Occupancy classification is assigned to occupancies that present a detonation Hazard:
Group H-1/High Hazard Level 1
Occupancy classification is assigned to occupancies that store materials that present a deflagration hazard:
Group H-2/High Hazard Level 2
Occupancy classification is assigned to occupancies that store or use hazardous materials that readily support combustion or present other physical hazards.
Group H-3/High Hazard Level 3
Occupancy classification is assigned to occupancies that are designed for the storage of health hazard materials.
Group H-4/High Hazard Level 4
Model codes require secondary containment for solids: and Liquids:
Solids: weight is greater than 550 pounds, or the aggregate weight of hazardous materials is more than 10,000 pounds
Liquids: Container volume is greater than 55 gallons; Or aggregate volume is greater than 1,000 gallons
Model fire codes require that a secondary containment or drainage system be required to contain a minimum of _____ of sprinkler water flow
20 minutes
Group H/High Hazard occupancies must have _____. (Think of the air)
Mechanical Ventilation System
Materials with a vapor density greater than one require ventilation openings within _____ of the floor
12 Inches
Materials with a vapor density less than one require ventilation openings within _____ of the highest point of the roof.
12 inches
