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Bio 2370 No. 1 > Inside the cell > Flashcards

Inside the cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is S?

A

Svedberg unit, sedimentation coefficient

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2
Q

What do the Svedberg unit measure?

A

the rate at which a particle sediments in a centrifuge

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3
Q

What is the Svedberg unit affected by?

A

mass, density and shape, particles that sediment faster have a larger number

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4
Q

What are the 2 subunits of ribosomes compose of?

A

rRNA and proteins

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5
Q

What is the smaller unit of ribosome called?

A

30S subunit

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6
Q

What is the larger subunit ribosome called?

A

50S subunit

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7
Q

What is the complete ribosome called?

A

70S subunit

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8
Q

Describe the 50S subunit

A

23S rRNA + 5S rRNA + more than 30 proteins

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9
Q

Describe the 30S subunit

A

16rRNA + more than 20 proteins

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10
Q

describe the ribosomes of eukaryotic cells

A

40S subunit + 60S subunit = 80S ribosome

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11
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

protein synthesis

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12
Q

How many pairs of linear chromosomes do we have?

A

23 pairs

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13
Q

Describe the structure of chromosomes

A

one circular double stranded DNA chromosome. DNA is coiled and wrap around proteins (proteins are not histones)

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14
Q

What is the function of chromosomes

A

site of DNA and RNA synthesis

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15
Q

What is the structure of plasmids?

A

circular double stranded DNA

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16
Q

What is the function of plasmids

A

encode genes that give a cell selective advantage. eg antibiotic resistance

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17
Q

Describe the cytoskeleton

A

variety of types, made from protein, have roll in cell division and shape, similar to eukaryotic’s

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18
Q

Which bacteria have intracytoplasmic membranes

A

photosynthetic bacteria

19
Q

What is the structure of intracytoplasmic membranes

A

varies, can be stacks of flattened vesicles

20
Q

What is the function of intracytoplasmic membranes

A

to increase SA for photosynthesis

21
Q

What is inclusion?

A

used to describe ganuelles or structures in the cytoplasm of bacteria

22
Q

What is the structure and fn of inclusions?

A

varies

23
Q

How are inclusions viewed?

A

light microscope, stained for ID purposes, not all bacteria have them

24
Q

Name the three storage inclusions

A

glycogen, poly beta hydroxy butyrate (PHB), and polyphopshate

25
Q

What is the structure of glycogen ?

A

polymers w/branching chains of glucose

26
Q

What is the function of glycogen

A

source of nrg and carbon for biosynthesis

27
Q

What is the structure of poly beta hydroxy butyrate

A

polymer synthesized from acetyl groups

28
Q

What is the function of poly beta hydroxy butyrate

A

source of nrg and carbon for biosynthesis

29
Q

What is the structure of polyphosphate?

A

bunch of phosphate linked together

30
Q

What is the function of polyphsohate?

A

source of phoshphate for synthesis of nucleoside triphosphate and phospholipid

31
Q

What is the stucture of microcompartments

A

a polyhedral shell made of proteins enclosing sequentially acting enzymes

32
Q

What is an example of a microcompartment

A

carboxysomes

33
Q

what is the structure of a carboxysome

A

polyhedral shell composed of 1000s of copies of 6 diff protein subunits, inside are 2 sequentially acting enzymes

34
Q

What is the fn of carboxysomes

A

to make the fixation of CO2 more efficient

35
Q

Which bacteria has carboxysomes

A

cyanobacteria and other CO2 fixing bacterial

36
Q

What are gas vacuoles

A

composed of large numbers of gas vesicles

37
Q

What is the structure of a gas vesicle

A

walls are made of multiple subunits of protein that self assemble to form hollow capped structure

38
Q

What are the walls of gas vesicles permeable to

A

gases but not water

39
Q

What is the fn of gas vacuoles

A

found in aquatic organisms, used to regulate buoyancy

40
Q

How do gas vacuoles regulate buoyancy

A

cells collapse the vesicle to descend and synthesize new ones to ascend. cells can move to depth w/appropriate light, nutrients etc

41
Q

What is the structure of magnetosomes

A

each contains crystals of magnetite (FeO4), from a chain inside the cell

42
Q

What is the fn of magnetosomes

A

act like a magnet allowing bacteria to align w.earth’s magnetic field (north and down)

43
Q

Why is it useful to have magnetosomes to aligh w/earth’s magnetic field

A

can be used to direct bacterial downwards towards nutrient rich sediments

Bio 2370 No. 1 (16 decks)

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