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OTC > insect bites/stings and pediculosis > Flashcards

insect bites/stings and pediculosis Flashcards

1
Q

diseases mosquitos carry

A
  • west Nile virus

- zika virus

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2
Q

diseases ticks carry

A
  • rocky mountain spotted fever

- Lyme disease

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3
Q

serious spider bites

A

black widow, brown recluse, hobo spiders

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4
Q

venomous insects

A

bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, fire ants

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5
Q

allergic response occurs after ____ sting

A

second sting

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6
Q

anaphylactic rxn from sting occurs within

A

5-30 minutes

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7
Q

signs and symptoms of anaphylactic rxn

A

light headedness, loss of consciousness, fall in BP, choking, wheezing, incontinence, nv, disorientation, difficulty breathing

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8
Q

gold standard insect repellant

A

DEET

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9
Q

what product has a strong odor and can be irritating to skin

A

DEET

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10
Q

application of DEET

A

apply every 4-8 hours

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11
Q

do not use DEET on

A

children less than 2 months old, and use lowest concentrations on children

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12
Q

concentrations of 50-100%

A

for adults only and only for periods of high exposure to insects for long periods of time

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13
Q

picaridin

A

alternative to DEET, less odor and not as irritating to skin

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14
Q

permethrin sprays

A

may be used on clothing and camping gear (not on skin)

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15
Q

treatment of insect bite/sting goals

A

relieve symptoms and prevent secondary bacterial infection

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16
Q

exclusion for self care of insect bites

A
  1. systematic symptoms
  2. less than two years old
  3. suspected spider bite needing medical attention
  4. signs of secondary infection
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17
Q

exclusion for self care of insect stings

A
  1. allergic reaction
  2. allergic response away from site of sting
  3. previous stings
  4. previous severe reaction to sting
  5. personal or family hx or allergic reactions
  6. less than two years old
18
Q

non pharm treatment of bites/stings

A

apply ice pack to area in 10 min intervals and remove stinger ASAP

19
Q

pharm treatment of bites/stings

A
  • local anesthetics
  • topical antihistamines
  • counterirritants
  • hydrocortisone 1%
  • skin protectants
20
Q

local anesthetics for bite/sting

A

decreases pain and itch, apply 3-4 times daily up to 7 days

21
Q

phenol anesthetic should be avoided in

A

children and pregnancy

22
Q

topical antihistamine in bite/sting

A

diphenhydramine .5-2%

apply 3-4 times daily for up to 7 days

23
Q

counterirritants in bite/sting

A

menthol/camphor

3-4 times daily up to 7 days

24
Q

skin protectants

A
  1. zinc oxide
  2. calamine
  3. titanium dioxide
25
Q

3 types of lice

A

head, body, pubic

26
Q

presentation of head lice

A
  1. presence of nits
  2. nits are greyish and attached firmly
  3. hatched nits are lighter in color and easier to locate
  4. the presence of black specks (lice feces) can also indicate infestation
27
Q

body lice

A

usually in individuals who do not shower or change clothing frequently

28
Q

pubic lice

A

usually spread through sexual contact, toilet seats, shared undergarments, or bedding; can also be found in armpits, eyelashes, and facial hair

29
Q

lice treatment goals

A

rid patient of lice by killing adult and nymph lice by removing nits from patients hair

30
Q

non pharm treatment of lice

A
  • inspect hair and use nit comb
  • vacuum carpets and furniture
  • wash everything in hot water and dry in hottest setting
  • seal things that can not be washed in bags for 2 weeks
  • avoid infected individuals
31
Q

exclusions for self care of lice

A
  • hypersensitivity to chrysanthemums, ragweed
  • less than 2 years old for pyrethrins
  • less than 2 m/o for permethrins
  • lice infestation of eyelids or eyebrows
  • pregnancy or breast feeding
  • active tumors
  • lice persists after 2 applications of meds
32
Q

pharm treatment for lice

A
  • synergized pyrethrins

- permethrin

33
Q

indication of pyrethrins

A

treatment of head and pubic lice

do not use children less than 2 y/o

34
Q

synergized pyrethrins

A

piperonyl butoxide to increase pyrethrin concentrations with louse

35
Q

moa of pyrethrins

A

block louses’ nerve impulse transmission causing paralysis and death

36
Q

application of pyrethrins

A

1) apply to dry hair
2) let set for 10 min and then rinse
3) use nit comb
4) two applications required

37
Q

indication of permethrin

A

treatment of head lice only

do not use on patients less than 2 months

38
Q

moa of permethrin

A

delays repolarization of sodium channels in louse nerve cells, causing paralysis

39
Q

application or permethrin

A
  1. apply to wet clean hair
  2. let sit for 10 min and rinse
  3. use nit comb
  4. one application required
40
Q

alternative therapies for lice

A
  • lice enzyme shampoos
  • oil-based products
  • sodium chloride products
41
Q

pediculosis emerging therapies

A

DSP and dimethicone

OTC (22 decks)

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