Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTC > constipation and diarrhea > Flashcards

constipation and diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

signs and symptoms of constipation

A

anorexia, dull headache, low back pain, abdominal discomfort, bloating, and flatulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

primary cause of constipation

A

inadequate dietary fiber, fluid intake, and/or exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structural conditions causing constipation

A

anal fissure and pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

systemic conditions that cause constipation

A
  • endocrine: thyroid disorders, diabetes
  • IBS
  • MS, neuropathy
  • parkinsonism
  • dementia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

psychological conditions that cause constipation

A

depression, eating disorders, stress, changes in routine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

medications that can cause constipation

A

anticholinergics, TCA, benzodiazepines, cholestyramine, calcium, and iron supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

exclusions for constipation

A
  1. significant abdominal pain or cramping or distention
  2. unexplained flatulence
  3. fever or NV
  4. unexplained changes in bowel habits
  5. marked change in the character of stool
  6. rectal bleeding
  7. < 2 years of age
  8. anorexia
  9. inflammatory bowel disease, colostomy
  10. 14 days of symptoms or recurrences over 3 months
  11. 7 days of OTC treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

non pharm therapy

A

gradually increase high-fiber food, increase fluid intake, exercise regularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

increase these foods for a high-fiber diet

A

fruits, vegetables, whole grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

decrease these foods for a high-fiber diet

A

meat, chest, processed foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fiber intake for women

A

25 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fiber intake for males

A

38 grams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

examples of bulk forming agents (fiber supplements)

A

methylcellulose, polycarbophil, and psyllium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

onset of fiber supplements

A

12-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ADE of fiber supplements

A

abdominal discomfort and flatulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fiber supplement precautions

A

swallowing difficulties, GI ulcer, high calcium content in polycarbophil, sugar content in some formulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

first choice for pregnant women

A

fiber supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOA fiber supplements

A

dissolves and swells in intestines and adds bulk and water to stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

examples of emollient agents (stool softeners)

A

docusate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MOA of stool softeners

A
  • surfactant
  • facilitates mixture of aqueous and fatty substances to soften stool
  • lower surface tension of stool, allowing more water to enter stool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

onset of stool softeners

A

12-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ade for stool softeners

A

minimal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

precautions of stool softeners

A

larger than recommended doses can lead to sweating, muscle cramps, and irregular heartbeat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

contraindications with stool softeners

A

mineral oil`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

examples of hyperosmotic agents

A

PEG 3350 and glycerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

MOA of hyperosmotic agents

A

contain large, poorly absorbed ions or molecules that draw water into the colon or rectum through osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

peg3350 onset

A

12-72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

glycerin onset

A

15-30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ade of peg3350

A

bloating, abdominal discomfort, cramping, flatulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

glycerin ade

A

rectal irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

peg3350 precaution

A

fda approved labeling indicates patients with renal disease or OBS should consult PCP prior to use

32
Q

glycerin precaution

A

avoid if preexisting rectal irritation

33
Q

peg3350 age requirements

A

must be at least 17 yoa

34
Q

examples of stimulants

A

senna and bisacodyl

35
Q

MOA of stimulants

A

increase motility by stimulation of intestinal SM (causing intestines to contract and push out stool), increase secretion of water and electrolytes in the intestines

36
Q

onset of po stimulants

A

6-10 hours

37
Q

Bisacodyl suppository onset

38
Q

ade of stimulants

A

cramping and local irritation of the mucosa

39
Q

stimulant precautions

A

electrolyte or fluid deficiencies, malabsorption due to hypermotility

40
Q

DDI with stimulants

A

avoid with antacids

41
Q

opioid induced constipation

A

docusate and stimulant combo typically

42
Q

examples of lubricant agents

A

mineral oil

43
Q

moa of mineral oil

A

coats stool and prevents absorption of water into the colon

44
Q

po onset of mineral oil

45
Q

rectal onset of mineral oil

46
Q

when using mineral oil avoid..

A
  1. < 6 years of age
  2. pregnancy
  3. bedridden/elderly
  4. difficulty swallowing
  5. aspiration risk
47
Q

contraindication of mineral oil

48
Q

eating and mineral oil

A

impairment of absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (do not take within 2 hours of eating)

49
Q

mineral oil use

A

avoid if possible, better and safer treatment alternatives are available

50
Q

examples of saline laxative agents

A

magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphates

51
Q

MOA of saline laxatives

A

ions draw water into the intestines by osmosis, increasing intraluminal pressure and promoting GI motility

52
Q

po onset of saline laxatives

A

30 min - 6 hours

53
Q

rectal onset of saline laxatives

A

up to 15 min

54
Q

ade of saline laxatives

A

abdominal cramping, NV, dehydration, hypermagnesemia

55
Q

precautions for saline laxatives

A

elderly, electrolyte changes, renal failure, restricted diet (na, phos, mg), CHF, use with diuretics

56
Q

saline laxative use

A

used prior to colonoscopy to evacuate bowel and take with water to prevent dehydration

57
Q

acute diarrhea

A

symptoms lasting less than 14 days

58
Q

persistent diarrhea

A

symptoms lasting 14 days to 4 weeks

59
Q

chronic diarrhea

A

symptoms lasting > 4 weeks

60
Q

minimal to no dehydration

A 
self treatable
good, alert mental status
drinks normally
normal HR
mouth is moist
skin has instant recoil
capillary refill is normal\
extremities are warm
urine output is normal/decreased
< 3 stools/day
61
Q

mild-moderate dehydration

A 
self treatable
normal, fatigue mental status
eager to drink
normal or increased HR
mouth is dry
skin recoils < 2 seconds
capillary refill is prolonged
extremities are cool
urine output is decreased
3-5 stools/day
62
Q

severe dehydration

A 
not self treatable
apathetic or lethargic mental status
unable to drink
tachy or bradycardia
mouth is parched
skin recoils in > 2 seconds
capillary refill is prolonged and minimal
cold extremities
urine output is minimal
6-9 stools/day
63
Q

exclusions for diarrhea

A
  1. infants < 6 months of age
  2. moderate diarrhea < 2 yo
  3. children with high fluid output, fever, or mental status changes
  4. severe diarrhea
  5. stool containing blood/mucus
  6. DM, cardiac/renal disease, URTI
  7. severe abdominal pain, cramping, tenderness, distention
  8. pregnancy
  9. immunocompromised
64
Q

nonpharm treatment

A

ORS, preventative measires

65
Q

loperamide MOA

A

synthetic opioid agonist

produces antidiarrheal effects by slowing intestinal motility, lacks CNS effects bc it is a substrate for p-glycoprotein

66
Q

loperamide indication

A

symptomatic relief of acute, nonspecific diarrhea

67
Q

ade of loperamide

A

dizziness and constipation

68
Q

precautions for loperamide

A

should not be used in invasive bacterial diarrhea, children < 6 or in patients taking saquinavir

69
Q

length of use for loperamide

A

no more than 2 days

70
Q

loperamide warnings

A

serious heart problems with misuse and abuse

71
Q

BSS MOA

A

reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form bismuth oxychloride and salicylic acid, exerts antibacterial effects and antisecretory effects

72
Q

BSS indication

A

acute diarrhea, travelers diarrhea prophylaxis, or indigestion

73
Q

ade of BSS

A

tinnitus (dose related), gout, reyes syndrome, black staining of stool and darkening of tongue

74
Q

precautions of BSS

A

children < 12

75
Q

patients with lactate deficiency

A

lactase enzymes

76
Q

probiotics

A

lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium lactis, saccharomyces boulardii

77
Q

zinc supplementation

A

reduces duration, severity, and persistence of acute diarrhea in children < 5

OTC (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions