Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

pathophysiology of type 1

A

autoimmune-mediated pancreatic beta cell destruction (insulin deficiency)

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2
Q

pathophysiology of type 2

A

insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and/or increased hepatic glucose production

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3
Q

ADA A1c goal

A

< 7%

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4
Q

ADA fasting blood glucose

A

80-130

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5
Q

ADA post-prandial

A

< 180

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6
Q

preventing complications of diabetes

A

glycemic control, self monitoring of blood glucose and ketones, medical nutrition therapy, tobacco use, eye care, dental care, skin care, foot care, medication adherence, sick day management

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7
Q

alternate testing sites when blood sugar is stable

A

forearms, upper arms, thigh, calf and palm

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8
Q

appropriate to check for ketones when

A

blood glucose levels > level set by PCP, experiencing nausea and vomiting or abdominal pain, acutely ill, unusually thirsty accompanied by dry mouth, having difficulty breathing or fruity breath, increased confusion

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9
Q

what insulin is available OTC?

A

Humulin R, Novolin R, Humulin N, and Novolin N

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10
Q

insulin regular

A

clear appearance, inject 30 minutes before meal

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11
Q

insulin NPH

A

cloudy appearance, inject twice per day 12 hours apart

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12
Q

storage of insulin

A

store at room temp for about one month, unopened insulin should be refrigerated, keep away from sunlight and heat

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13
Q

insulin injection sites

A

abdomen, back of arm, buttocks, thighs

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14
Q

capacity for syringes

A

0.3 mL (30 units)
0.5mL (50 units)
1mL (100 units)

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15
Q

length for syringes

A

5mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, 12.7mm

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16
Q

hypoglycemia

A

< 70

17
Q

symptoms of low blood sugar

A

trembling, shaking, dizziness, sweating, palpitations, tachycardia, slow thinking, difficulty concentrating, lack of coordination, blurred vision

18
Q

consume ___________ in the case of hypoglycemia

A

15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates

19
Q

milk

A

8 oz - 1 cup

20
Q

fruit just or a soft drink (not diet)

A

4 oz - 1.2 cup

21
Q

sugar

A

1 tbsp - 3 cubes

22
Q

raisins

A

2 tbsp

23
Q

candies

A

3 pieces of hard candy

5-6 skittles, life savers or jelly beans

24
Q

glucose tablets

A

3-4 tablets

25
Q

glucose gels

A

typically the entire 15g tube

26
Q

immunizations that are recommended in patients with diabetes

A
  • flu vaccine
  • PPSV23
  • Hep B vaccine
  • Td booster
27
Q

PPSV23

A
  • indicated in patients with diabetes aged 19 to 64
  • if received first dose < 65, next dose 5 years later
  • another dose when > 65
28
Q

Hep B

A

< 60 recommended

> 60 suggested