Diabetes Flashcards
pathophysiology of type 1
autoimmune-mediated pancreatic beta cell destruction (insulin deficiency)
pathophysiology of type 2
insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and/or increased hepatic glucose production
ADA A1c goal
< 7%
ADA fasting blood glucose
80-130
ADA post-prandial
< 180
preventing complications of diabetes
glycemic control, self monitoring of blood glucose and ketones, medical nutrition therapy, tobacco use, eye care, dental care, skin care, foot care, medication adherence, sick day management
alternate testing sites when blood sugar is stable
forearms, upper arms, thigh, calf and palm
appropriate to check for ketones when
blood glucose levels > level set by PCP, experiencing nausea and vomiting or abdominal pain, acutely ill, unusually thirsty accompanied by dry mouth, having difficulty breathing or fruity breath, increased confusion
what insulin is available OTC?
Humulin R, Novolin R, Humulin N, and Novolin N
insulin regular
clear appearance, inject 30 minutes before meal
insulin NPH
cloudy appearance, inject twice per day 12 hours apart
storage of insulin
store at room temp for about one month, unopened insulin should be refrigerated, keep away from sunlight and heat
insulin injection sites
abdomen, back of arm, buttocks, thighs
capacity for syringes
0.3 mL (30 units)
0.5mL (50 units)
1mL (100 units)
length for syringes
5mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, 12.7mm