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Biology > Inorganic ions in biological processes > Flashcards

Inorganic ions in biological processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Symbol and charge of a hydroxide ion

A

OH, -

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2
Q

What is the use of Hydroxide ions in biological processes?

A
  • Hydrogenbondingbetween biochemical molecules
  • Determine pH
  • Catalyse reactions
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3
Q

Symbol and charge of a phosphate ion

A

PO4, 3-

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4
Q

What is the use of phosphate ions in biological processes ?

A
  • Intracellular buffers that regulate the pH within the cytoplasm of cells.
  • Synthesis of nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA.
  • Important component of molecules such as nucleotides, ATP (up to 3 phosphate groups) and phospholipids
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5
Q

Symbol and charge of chlorine

A

Cl, -

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6
Q

What is the use of chlorine ions in biological processes ?

A
  • They are required to make HCl present in gastric juice, necessary to digest proteins in the stomach.
  • HCl also kills bacteria and other pathogens in food when it enters the stomach.
  • To balance out ions
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7
Q

Symbol and charge of hydrogen carbonate

A

HCO, 3-

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8
Q

How are hydrogen carbonate ions formed ?

A

They are formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood

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9
Q

What is the use of hydrogen carbonate ions in biological processes ?

A
  • HCO3– ions work alongside hydrogen ions in the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood
  • Maintain blood pH
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10
Q

Symbol and charge of nitrate

A

NO3, -

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11
Q

What is the use of nitrate ions in biological processes ?

A
  • Present in thesoiland are taken up by plants
  • Essentialsource of nitrogenforprotein synthesis
  • Growth and repair in plants
  • Used for making amino acids, organic bases (components of nucleic acids), vitamins and chlorophyll
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12
Q

Symbol and charge of ammonium

A

NH4, +

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13
Q

How are ammonium ions formed ?

A

Ammonium ions are formed from ammonia by accepting a hydrogen ion so they help maintain pH levels

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14
Q

What is the use of ammonium ions in biological processes ?

A
  • Component of amino acids, organic bases (components of nucleic acids), vitamins and chlorophyll
  • Used to make nitrates by bacteria
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15
Q

Symbol and charge of Hydrogen

A

H+

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16
Q

What is the use of hydrogen ions in biological processes ?

A
  • Determines thepH
  • Catalyse reactions
  • Photosynthesis and respiration to drive the production of ATP
17
Q

Symbol and charge of sodium

A

Na, +

18
Q

What is the use of sodium ions in biological processes ?

A
  • Sodium is required for the transport of glucose and amino acids across cell-surface membranes (e.g. in the small intestine)
  • Regulates osmotic pressure, regulates the absorption of water in kidney
  • Transmission of nervous impulses
19
Q

Symbol and charge of potassium

A

K, +

20
Q

What is the use of potassium ions in biological processes ?

A
    • Nervous impulse transmission
    • Potassium ions also play an important role in guard cells and theopening of the stomata
    • K+allows for thereabsorption of waterin the kidneys
    • Maintenance of pH
    • Assists active transport
21
Q

What do sodium and potassium form together ?

A

together they form the Na+/K+ pump or Na+/K+-ATPase, this is a protein pump found in the cell membrane of neurons (and other animal cells).

22
Q

What is the use of sodium potassium together ?

A

It acts to transport sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. In the process, the pump helps to stabilise membrane potential and thus is essential in creating the conditions necessary for the firing of action potentials

23
Q

Symbol and charge of calcium

A

Ca, 2+

24
Q

What is the use of calcium ions in biological processes ?

A
  • Ca2+is essential in themovementof organisms
  • Nervous impulse transmission
  • It can help toregulate protein channels
  • Helps stimulate muscle contraction
  • Many enzymes are activated by calcium, making it a key regulator in biological reactions

Biology (30 decks)

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