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Biology > 4.2.2 - Evolution and classification > Flashcards

4.2.2 - Evolution and classification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is classification ?

A

Classification is the name given to the process by which living organisms are sorted into groups

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2
Q

What are the 7 taxonomic groups ?

A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
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3
Q

What is an easy way to remember the taxonomic groups ?

A

King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

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4
Q

Why do scientists classify organisms ?

A
  • To identify species, by a clearly defined system of classification
  • To predict characteristics
  • To find evolutionary links, species in the same group probably have a common ancestor
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5
Q

What are the benefits of using a single classification system ?

A

By using a single classification system, scientists worldwide can share their research as links between different organisms can be seen

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6
Q

What are the three domains ?

A
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya
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7
Q

Define species

A

Defined as a group of organisms that are able to produce fertile offspring

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8
Q

How do scientists name organisms ?

A

Binomial nomenclature

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9
Q

What is binomial nomenclature ?

A

The two name system of naming organisms using genus and species

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10
Q

Why is binomial nomenclature used ?

A

To ensure that scientists are discovering/discussing the same organisms, which could otherwise be a problem because of language barriers

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11
Q

What are the five kingdoms ?

A
  • Prokaryotae (Prokaryotes)
  • Protoctista (Eukaryotes)
  • Fungi (Eukaryotes)
  • Plantae (Eukaryotes)
  • Animalia (Eukaryotes)
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12
Q

What are heterotrophs ?

A

A heterotroph is an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

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13
Q

What are autotrophs ?

A

Organisms that use an external energy source to assimilate inorganic resources from the environment and synthesize the biological molecules needed to sustain life

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14
Q

What are saprotrophs ?

A

Organisms that eat decayed organic matter

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom Animalia ?

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multicellular
  • Membrane bound organelles
  • Heterotrophic feeders
  • No cell walls
  • Store food as glycogen
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom Plantae ?

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multicellular
  • Chloroplasts
  • Membrane bound organelles
  • Autotrophic feeders
  • Cellulose cell walls
  • Food stored as starch
17
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom Fungi ?

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multicellular or unicellular
  • Membrane bound organelles
  • Chitin cell walls
  • Most saprotrophic feeders
  • Store food as glycogen
18
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom Prokaryotae ?

A
  • Prokaryotic
  • Unicellular
  • No membrane bound organelles
  • Peptidoglycan cell walls
  • DNA not associated with histones
  • DNA circular
19
Q

What are the characteristics of the kingdom Protoctista ?

A
  • Mainly unicellular
  • Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
  • Some have chloroplasts
  • Some are sessile, but others move by cilia or flagella
  • Nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis - Autotrophic, ingestion of other organisms - Heterotrophic, or both - Parasitic
20
Q

What are the 3 domains ?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archae
  • Eukarya
21
Q

Describe Bacteria

A
  • Have 70s ribosomes

- RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins

22
Q

Describe Archaea

A
  • Have 70s ribosomes

- RNA polymerase contains between 8-10 proteins

23
Q

Describe Eukarya

A
  • Have 80s ribosomes

- RNA polymerase contains 12 proteins

24
Q

Under the 3 domain system, how many kingdoms are there ?

A

6

25
Q

Under the 3 domain system, what are the 6 kingdoms ?

A
  • Eubacteria
  • Archaebacteria
  • Protoctista
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Animalia
26
Q

Describe Archaeabacteria

A
  • Ancient bacteria

- Can live in extreme environments, thermal vents, anaerobic conditions and highly acidic environments

27
Q

Describe Eubacteria

A
  • True bacteria
  • Found in all environments
  • Most bacteria are of the eubacteria kingdom
28
Q

Give 3 similarities between the domains of Bacteria and Archae

A
  • Circular chromosomes
  • No nucleus
  • 70s ribosomes
29
Q

Give a similarity between the domains of Bacteria and Eukarya

A

Normal phospholipids in membranes

30
Q

Give 3 similarities between the domains of Eukarya and Archae

A
  • Similar DNA replication
  • Histones bound to DNA
  • No peptidoglycan cell walls
  • Not susceptible to antibiotics
  • Similar RNA polymerase

Biology (30 decks)

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