inorganic ions

Question 1

what are ions?

Answer 1

atoms that have an electric charge

Question 2

what are cations?

Answer 2

when atoms lose electrons to form a positively charged ion

Question 3

what are anions?

Answer 3

when atoms gain electrons to form a negative ion

Question 4

name 3 properties of inorganic ions

Answer 4

1.dont contain carbon
2.they are aqueous
3.they have different roles in the body depending on their property so will be found in different concentrations In the body

Question 5

what sort of protein is haemoglobin?

Answer 5

a quaternary protein

Question 6

what is the role of haemoglobin?

Answer 6

transports oxygen

Question 7

describe the structure of haemoglobin

Answer 7

made of 4 polypeptide chains each with a haem group which contains FE2+ in the centre - this binds to the oxygen

Question 8

what happens to the iron ions in haemoglobin?

Answer 8

the oxygen binds to the FE2+ so it temporarily becomes FE3+ until the oxygen is released. Its has been oxidised and forms oxyhemoglobin

Question 9

what is the role of sodium ions?

Answer 9

transport glucose and amino acids across the membrane

Question 10

explain co-transport associated with sodium ions

Answer 10

using a sodium pump. One is moved down the concentration gradient and the other against it

Question 11

what do sodium ions affect?

Answer 11

water potential of cells

Question 12

what is the phosphate ion part of in nucleic acids?

Answer 12

DNA and RNA nucleotides in the sugar phosphate backbone since a phosphodiester bond is formed

Question 13

when are phosphate ions used?

Answer 13

in the production of ATP

Question 14

where can you find phosphate ions in a cell?

Answer 14

they’re part of the phospholipids found in the cell membrane

Question 15

what can phosphate ions do?

Answer 15

phosphorylate other compounds which can make them more reactive

Question 16

what do hydrogen ions affect?

Answer 16

pH

Question 17

what does a higher concentration of hydrogen ions result in?

Answer 17

lowers the pH and results in a more acidic environment

Question 18

what is a hydronium ion?

Answer 18

a hydrogen ion in solution

Question 19

how do you calculate pH

Answer 19

-log10[H+]

Question 20

how do you use the pH equation

Answer 20

1. press -
2. press log with squares
3. input 10 into the smaller square
4. input number given into ()

Question 21

What don’t inorganic ions contain?

Answer 21

Carbon

Question 22

What does a lower concentration of hydrogen ions result in?

Answer 22

A higher pH

Question 23

How do hydrogen ions affect reactions?

Answer 23

Enzyme-controlled reactions are affected by pH. The maintenance of this normal pH is essential for many of the metabolic processes that take place within cells. Changes in pH can affect enzyme structure
For example, abnormal levels of hydrogen ions can interact with the side-chains of amino acids and change the secondary and tertiary structures of the proteins that make up enzymes, which can cause denaturation of enzymes

Question 24

What are iron ions involved in?

Answer 24

The transfer of electrons during respiration and photosynthesis

Question 25

What is the role of phosphate groups in ATP?

Answer 25

Store energy