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unit 1a & 1b > energy and ATP > Flashcards

energy and ATP Flashcards

1
Q

what is energy?

A

the ability to do work which in biology, is the ability to cause some kind of change

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2
Q

what do we need energy for? 6 examples

A

metabolism, movement, active transport, maintenance repair and division of cells, production of substances and maintenance of body temperature

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3
Q

what process do plants and animal cells release energy through?

A

respiration

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4
Q

how do cells get energy from glucose?

A

glucose is converted into ATP

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5
Q

what is ATP made up of?

A

adenine (a base) ribose (pentose sugar) and 3 phosphate groups

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6
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine tri phosphate

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7
Q

why is ATP a source of energy? (bonding)

A

due to the energy that is stored in the unstable bonds between P bonds

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8
Q

what joins the phosphate groups in ATP?

A

high energy bonds

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9
Q

what are 3 advantages of ATP?

A
  1. releases energy in small amounts as needed, good energy donor
  2. mobile and soluble, transports chemical energy to where its needed in the cell
  3. can be used to phosphorylate other substances
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10
Q

what are 3 disadvantages of ATP?

A
  1. not a long term store of energy
  2. can’t be stored so must be used immediately
  3. releases less energy than glucose and only in small amounts
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11
Q

what is ATP broken down into?

A

adenosine diphosphate and Pi, inorganic phosphate

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12
Q

what reaction breaks down ATP?

A

hydrolysis

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13
Q

what happens in the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

a phosphate bond is broken and energy is released

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14
Q

what catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

ATP hydrolase

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15
Q

what is the equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

ATP + H2O —ATP HYDROLASE—> ADP + Pi

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16
Q

what reaction resynthesises ADP?

A

condensation reaction between ADP and Pi

17
Q

when does the condensation of ADP occur?

A

respiration and photosynthesis

18
Q

what catalyses the condensation of ADP?

A

ATP synthase

19
Q

what is the equation for the condensation of ADP?

A

ADP + Pi —ATP SYNTHASE—> ATP + H2O

20
Q

what are the 3 ways in which ATP can be reformed from ADP and Pi?

A

photo phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
substrate level phosphorylation

21
Q

where does photo phosphorylation occur?

A

occurs in the chlorophyll during photosynthesis

22
Q

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur

A

occurs in the mitochondria during the electron transport chain (part of respiration)

23
Q

where does substrate level phosphorylation occur

A

when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP

24
Q

how is ATP is resynthesised in cells?

A

ADP and Pi join by condensation in the presence of ATP synthase during respiration

25
Q

what is phosphorylation?

A

a chemical process of adding a phosphate group to an organic compound which prepares the cell for reactions

unit 1a & 1b (17 decks)

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