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Pharmacy > Inorg Chem Lab ORS > Flashcards

Inorg Chem Lab ORS Flashcards

1
Q

ORS

A

Oral rehydration solution
Best method for combatting dehydration
50mL/kg mild diarrhea
100mL/kg moderate diarrhea
Every 4h
10mL/kg every diarrheal stool, after 4h reassess the patient
5mL/kg every 5mins for vomiting increasing gradually as tolerated

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2
Q

Potassium in ors

A

Promote a feeling of well being, stimulate appetite and activity of the patient
Potassium unlike sodium is absorbed passively

Loss of potassium results in muscular weakness, lethargy and anorexia

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3
Q

Bicarbonate in ors

A

To correct the electrolyte imbalance

metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

Precipitated sulfur
equation

A

3 CaO + 3 H2O -> 3 Ca (OH)2
3 Ca(OH)2 + 12S -> 2 CaS5 +CaS2O5+3H2O
2CaS5 + 4HCl -> 8S + 2 CaCl2 + 2 H2S

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5
Q

Precipitated Sulfur
Properties

A

Color- pale yellow
Odor- odorless
Form- very fine amorphous powder
Litmus paper result- B>R, R>B
Neither acidic nor basic (neutral)

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6
Q

Precipitated Sulfur
Test of purity

A

R>B, B>R
+ K2C2O4 -no ppt
+AgNO3 -no ppt
Dissolves readily
Absence sulfur, Ca2+, Cl-
Neutral

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7
Q

Slaking

A

Addition of water to lime CaO with the liberation of heat
The solution is kept alkaline because flowers of sulfur contains amount of arsenic pentasulfide digested with Ca(OH)2, calcium sulfuarsenite which is soluble in alkaline liquid

If made acidic, it will contaminate the precipitated sulfur

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8
Q

Kind of preparation

A

Liquid mixture because particles since it is lighter and easily suspended

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9
Q

Lime

A

CaO

Calcium oxide

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10
Q

Lime water

A

Ca(OH)2 sol’n

Calcium hydroxide soln

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11
Q

Slaked lime

A

Ca(OH)2

Calcium hydroxide

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12
Q

Limestone

A

CaCO3
Calcium carbonate

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13
Q

Milk of lime

A

Ca(OH)2 susp

Calcium hydroxide susp

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14
Q

Other forms of sulfur
Official prep

A

Sublime sulfur
Wash sulfur

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15
Q

Other forms of sulfur
Allotropic forms

A

Chrystalline
Rhombic or octahedral sulfur
Monoclinic or prismatic sulfur
Plastic

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16
Q

Uses of sulfur

A

Scabicide
Cathartic
Aid in fumigation
Keratolytic (fungicidal action)
Treatment for seborrhea and burns

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17
Q

Prepration for Boric Acid
Equation

A

B4O7.10H2O+2HCl > 4H3BO3+2NaCl+5H2O

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18
Q

Boric acid properties

A

Colorless
Odorless
Sour

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19
Q

Boric acid
Test for identity

A

Litmus: R>R, B>R acidic
Turmeric paper: brownish black
+NH4OH: greenish black
Methanol sulfuric acid test: green border flame

Acidic

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20
Q

Boric acid
Test for impurities

A

Result: clear soln
Conclusion: absence of water insoluble subs
+AgNO3: no ppt absence of Cl ions

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21
Q

Boric acid therapeutic uses

A

Eyewash (collyra)
Bacteriostatic agent
Buffer component

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22
Q

Boric acid forms

A

1- Chrystalline dissolves thoroughly
2- Powder tend to float on top of aqueous solvent

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23
Q

Magnesium carbonate
properties

A

White amorphous powder
Slight earthly taste
Relative bulk: bulky powder

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24
Q

Magnesium carbonate
Test for identity

A

+CO3 2-
Effervescence was produced
+Mg2+
White chrystalline ppt

Reagent
KH2SbO4 > NaH2SbO4> white ppt >Na+
BaCl2> BaSO4> white ppt> SO4 2-

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25
Q

Factors to determine the variety of MgCO3

A

Volume of water added
Temp of water added

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26
Q

Rapid filtration of voluminous substances

A

Buchner funnel

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27
Q

The bubbling of a solution due to the escape of gas
As in carbonated drink

A

Effervescence

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28
Q

Therapeutic uses of MgCO3

A

Antacid
Laxative

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29
Q

Magnesium oxide
Equation

A

(MgCO3)4.Mg(OH)2.5H2O > 5MgO+4CO2(g)+6H2O

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30
Q

Magnesium oxide MgO
Properties

A

White powder
Odorless
Tasteless
Light variety-bulkier

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31
Q

MgO test for identity

A

Litmus: R>B acidic
Mg(OH)2+2HCl>MgCl2+2H2O

Formula: MgNH4PO4
Color & nature: white

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32
Q

Process of heating without melting or fusion

A

Calcination

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33
Q

MgO
Test for the presence of carbonate

A

Add acetic acid
No effervescence indicates complete inversion of carbonate and oxides

34
Q

MgO therapeutic uses

A

Laxative
Diuretic
Antacid

35
Q

Potassium acetate
CH3CO2K
Equation

A

CH3COOH+KHCO3>CH3COOK+CO2+H2O

36
Q

Potassium acetate
CH3CO2K
Properties

A

White amorphous powder
Faint acidous odor
Slightly alkaline taste

37
Q

CH3CO2K
Test for identity

A

+K +
K2NaCo(NO2)6
Yellow ppt
+CH3COO
Gas with vinegar odor
+K & C
Residue of K2CO3

38
Q

Used to increase temp over 100deg C and not to exceed 140deg C during evaporation of

A

Sand bath

39
Q

A form of treatment that chemically decomposes organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen

A

Pyrolysis

40
Q

Therapeutic uses of KCH3COO
Potassium salt of acetic acid

A

Diuretic
Antacid

41
Q

Potassium sodium tartrate
Properties

A

White chrystalline powder with colorless rhombic prism
Odorless
Saline cooling taste

42
Q

Potassium sodium tartrate

A

KNaC4H4O6.4H2O

43
Q

Potassium sodium tartrate
Tollens test: silver mirror

A

+CH3COOH
White chrystalline ppt
KHC4H4O6

44
Q

Potassium sodium tartrate

A

Effervescence gives off CO2

45
Q

Synonyms of KNaC4H4O6

A

Rochelle salt
Seignette salt
Class of salt: double salt

Implication on pyrolysis
No ample supply of O2
Insufficient heating
Black carbon particlea remain

46
Q

KNaC4H4O6 therapeutic uses

A

Cathartic (component of seidlitz powder)
Mild laxative
Potent hydragogue (evacuation of watery feces)

47
Q

When the certain solid substances when exposed absorb water enough to form solutions

A

Deliquescence

48
Q

When some substance are exposed to air, they lose water to the atmosphere, thereby reducing in weight

A

Efflorescence

49
Q

When the substance absorb water from air but not enough to form solutions

A

Hygroscopic

50
Q

Fehling’s soln-alkaline CuC4H4O6

A

Test the presence of aldehydes

51
Q

Property of tartrate ion

A

Chelate complex atom

52
Q

Iodine tincture category

A

Topical tincture

53
Q

Iodine tincture synonyms

A

Tincture of iodine
Tinctura lodi
Solutio lodi

54
Q

Iodine tincture
Description of final product

A

The tincture has a reddish brown color which produce stain on the skin

55
Q

Iodine tincture uses

A

1- Local anti infective agent applied topically to the skin
2- Germicide
3- Fungicide

56
Q

Latin macerare (to soak)
Comminuted drug is permitted to siak in the menstruum
Agitated repeatedly over a period of time 2-14 days

A

Maceration

57
Q

Latin per (through) colare (to atrain)
Comminuted drug is extracted by the slow passage of a suitable solvent through a column of the drug
Drawn by the force of gravity as well as the weight of column of the liquid

A

Percolation

58
Q

On a small scale

A

Use glass percolators

59
Q

Suited to the more complete extraction of drugs with minimal expenditure of menstruum

A

Cylindrical percolator

60
Q

Glycyrrhiza fluidextract

A

Licorice root
Flavoring agent

61
Q

Eriodictyon fluidextract

A

Yerba santa
Cathartic

62
Q

Cascara sagrada fluidextract

A

Rhamnus purshiana fluidextract

63
Q

Aromatic cascara sagrada fluid extract

A
64
Q

Senna fluidextract

A

Fluidextratum sennae

65
Q

Concentrated preparations of veg or animal drugs obtained by the removal of the active constituents of the reapective drugs with suitable solvent

A

Extracts

66
Q

Add solvent to the drug, either macerate/percolate
Obtain through evaporation
2-6 times more potent than the crude drug

A

Syrupy

67
Q

Syrupy/semiliquid

A

20mL of solvent system is remained
Removing all or most of the menstruum

68
Q

Plastic consistency, nearly all solvent(menstruum) has evaporated
Preffered in compounding dosage form:
Ointment/paste/pliable material facilitates compounding

A

Pilular / plastic consistency

69
Q

Dry extract by removing all menstruum
Veg drug material which are starchy
Preffered compounding of: powders, capsules, tablets

A

Powdered extract

70
Q

Nasal decongestant solutions

A

Treat rhinitis of the common cold, for sinusitis

71
Q

Potassium oxalate

A

+K2C2O4

72
Q

AgNO3

A

Silver nitrate

73
Q

Calcium hydroxide

A

Ca(OH)2

74
Q

Ammonium hydroxide

A

NH4OH

75
Q

HCl is used instead of Sulfuric acid because

A

HCl is a soluble acid hence residual traces of HCl will remain in crystal surfaces while h2so4 is non soluble acid and is less easily remoed

76
Q

Test of washings for chloride ions

A

Add of agno3
No ppt indicates the absence of Cl ions

77
Q

Cold water is used for washing the crystals

A

Because it is less soluble in cold water

78
Q

Official solution before opthalmic prep

A

Since the solution might crystallized and will be irritating to the eyes

79
Q

Magnesium carbonate
Equation

A

Light variety
Heavy variety

80
Q

CO3 2-

A

Carbonate ion

81
Q

CuC4H4O6

A

Copper (II) Tartrate

Pharmacy (25 decks)

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