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Botany Lec Flashcards

1
Q

2 purpose of reproduction

A

1- to perpetuate identical child plants by asexual reproduction
2- to perpetuate varied child plants by sexual reproduction

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2
Q

Cell division and differentiation

A

Cytokinin

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3
Q

Growth stop

A

Indolacetic acid IAA AUXIN

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4
Q

Germination, elongation

A

Gibberelic acid

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5
Q

Seed dormancy, drought resistance

A

Abscissic acid

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6
Q

Ripening, stress response, leaf abcission

A

Ethylene

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7
Q

The plant has 2 phases/generations/alterants
Gametophyte (n)
Sporophyte (2n)

A

Diphasic

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8
Q

The 2 alterants are different in appearance

A

Heteromorphic

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9
Q

Haploid cell egg and haploid sperm cell unite to form diploid zygote

A

Fertilization or syngamy

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10
Q

In the anther undergo meiotic division
Microspore mother cells or

A

microsporocytes

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11
Q

A microspore is produced is nursed by

A

tapetum

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12
Q

A microspore mitotic division and produces

A

2 sperm nuclei and a pollen tube nucleus

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13
Q

The pollen nucleus will elongate when the pollen reach the stigma

A

Allowing the sperm cells to enter the ovule

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14
Q

Microgametophyte

A

Intricate cell wall
Exine outer layer having sporopollenin

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15
Q

A substance that prevent the pollen from drying up and inner intine layer

A

Sporopollenin

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16
Q

Megagametophytes

A

Venue for the whole fertilization process

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17
Q

Syngamy consists of 2 parts

A

1 plasmogamy or protoplasm fusion
2 karyogamy or nuclei fusion

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18
Q

Fertilization

A

1- the pollen reaches out its egg cells through the pollen tube

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19
Q

Fertilization
2- First fertilization

A

The first sperm reaches through the microphyle through the synergids and final to the egg. They fertilize and give rise to the zygote, later the embryo

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20
Q

Fertilization
3- second fertilization

A

The second sperm cell reaches the polar nuclei at the center, but no karyogamy occurs in resulting cell is tripod(2n). This will become the primary endosperm later the permanent endosperm

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21
Q

Fertilization
4- after 2 fertilization, the ovule will slowly develop its embryo and the three shape defined stages will come:

A

A- globular stage
B- heart stage
C- torpedo stage

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22
Q

Germination

drying

A

Up to 95% of the seed body

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23
Q

imbibition

A

Absorption of water by hydrophilic parts of the seed

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24
Q

Germination

4- growth of the radicle

A

Become the primary root

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25
Q

Egg cell (fertilized)

A

Zygote (to embryo)

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26
Q

Polar cell (fertilized)

A

Endosperm

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27
Q

Entegument to

A

Testa /tegmen

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28
Q

Funiculus

A

Hilum

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29
Q

Micropyle

A

Remains microplye

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30
Q

Nucellus and suspensor

A

Will be crushed

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31
Q

Antipodals and synergids

A

Will degenerate

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32
Q

Anti helmintic seeds

A

Saga saga, ipil ipil

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33
Q

Tanecide

A

Bunga

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34
Q

Vitamins

A

Palay beans

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35
Q

Anti diabetic

A

Duhat seeds

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36
Q

Keratolytic

A

Kasoy seeds

37
Q

Anti dandruff

38
Q

Laxative

A

Pili seeds

39
Q

Hemorroids

A

Tangan tangan

40
Q

Biofuels

A

Petroleum seeds, tubing bakod

41
Q

Rheumatism

42
Q

Dispersal

A

Is not part of the plant structural development, the young ppant will not be able to separate itself from the parent plant
It is an essential part of the plants life cycle
Though dispersal, plants learned to adapt to their agents and agents adapt to the plants, this mutulaistic relationship is called CO-EVOLUTION

43
Q

The first form of dispersal in within the pre syngamy stage

A

Pollination

44
Q

Pollination leads to

A

Fertilization

45
Q

Process when the flower frim the same plant pollinates another flower, as well as when a flower pollinates its own self

A

Self pollination

46
Q

Process wherein agents or intermediated carry pollen feom one flower to another flower of another plant
This crossing of genes from different plants is the very gowl of sexual reproduction in plants through flower, seeds and fruits

A

Cross pollination

47
Q

Depend on the wind for pollination, showy petals are not really required

A

ANEMOPHYLLOUS FLOWER

48
Q

Depends on animals for pollination

A

ZOOPHYLLOUS FLOWER

49
Q

Depends on insects for pollination

A

ENTEROPHYLLOUS FLOWER

50
Q

Seeds dispersed by its own fruit
Explosive mechanism

A

AUTHOCHORY
star anise, viola, peas, gorse and beans

51
Q

Radicle

A

Embryonic root

52
Q

Plumule

A

Embryonic stem

53
Q

Cotyledon

A

Embryonic leaf

54
Q

Scarbate

55
Q

Verrucose

56
Q

Spinose

57
Q

Aperturate

A

No opening

58
Q

Monoperturate

59
Q

Polyperturate

A

2 or more pores

60
Q

Plasmogamy

A

Protoplasm fusion

61
Q

Karyogamy

A

Nuclei fusion

62
Q

Sead coat

A

Testa or tegmen

63
Q

Funiculus breaks and leaves a scar

64
Q

Scarification

A

External influence breakage

65
Q

Stratification

A

Self breakage

66
Q

Hypogeous

A

Stem growth in monocot

67
Q

Epigeous

A

Stem growth with dicots

68
Q

Mutualistic relationship between plants and agents

A

Co-evolution

69
Q

Inclusion of barbed or spikes around the seed

A

Kulot kulutan
Amor seco

70
Q

Indigestible or unedible seeds

A

Ampalaya
Papaya
Bell pepper

71
Q

Impervious pericarp

A

Coconut, botong

72
Q

Spongy receptacles

73
Q

Anemochory
Papery pericarp outgrowth

A

Chinese parasol
Malungay
Narra

74
Q

Anemochory
Dust seeds

75
Q

Anemochory
Paper test outgrowth

A

Garlic vine

76
Q

Anemochory
Inflated capsules

A

Balloon vine

77
Q

Anemochory
Pappus/parachute like structure

78
Q

Anemochory
Cencer mechanism
Shaking of the fruit

A

Dutchman’s pipe

79
Q

Pollen tube will constitute

A

Vegetative cell

80
Q

Sperm nuclei will constitue

A

Generative cell

81
Q

Megaspores mother cells

A

Megasporocytes

82
Q

4 nuclei are produced but 1 remains to grow into magaspores nursed by

A

Nucellus or Parenchyma cells in the ovule

83
Q

Megaspores undergo 3 mitotic divisions to produce

84
Q

8 nuclei become 7 cells and will become

A

1 egg cell
2 synergids
1 binucleate polar cell
3 anti podal cell

85
Q

Autochory

A

Seeds dispersed by its own fruit

86
Q

Anemochory

A

Seeds dispersed by the wind

87
Q

Hydrochory

A

Seeds dispersed by water

88
Q

Zoochory

A

Seeds dispersed by animals

89
Q

Perturate

A

With an opening

Pharmacy (25 decks)

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