Exercise No8 Botany Lab Flashcards
Histology
Study of tissues and cells under a microscope
Meristematic tissues
Can be differentiated
Produce cells that quickly differentiate or specialize and become permanent tissue
Differentiate ito 3 makn types
Dermal
Vascular
Ground
Dermal tissues
Covers the plant
Can be found on the outer layer of the roots, stems and leaves
Functions:
Transpiration
Gas exchange
Defense
Vascular tissues
The plumbing system if the plant
Functions:
Allows water, nutrients & dissolved sugars from photosynthesis to pass throgh the parts of the plant
Composed of 2 primary conducting tissue
Xylem
Phloem
Ground tissue
Tissues that are not considered dermal or vascular tissues
Functions:
Store molecules such as starch
Photosynthesize ( such as mesophyll)
Support
Permanent tissue
Tissues that cannot be differentiated further
They lost the ability to divide
Parenchymal cells
Composes the horizontal rays in wood
Retains the ability to divide
Important in vegetative regeneration and wound healing
Responsible for photosynthesis, storage & transport
Integral part to vascular tissues where it provides routes of exchange of materials within and between xylem and phloem
Collenchymal cells
Living cells with thick primary walls
Sclerenchymal cells
Dead cells with very thick cell walls
Are lignified
Safranin
Staining agent
C20H19N4Cl
Counterstain in coloring cell nuclei red
Sieve plates
Thin plates which separate neighboring phloem cells
Epidermal
Epidermis
Trichome hairs
Stomata
Ground
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Mesophyll
Vascular
Xylem
Phloem
Cambium
Monocot roots
Fibrous
Form a wide network of thin roots that originates from the stem
Stay close to the surface of the soil
Dicot roots
Taproots
Form a aingle thick root that grows deep into the soil
Smaller lateral branch
Modified roots
Radish - fusiform root
Carrot - conical root
Turnip - napifor root
Mirabilis - tuberous root
Roots
Subterranean system of plants
Main anchorage of plants
Absorbs water and minerals from substrate
Produce hormones to regulate overall plant growth
Tap roots
As a food storage
Mangrove roots
For respiration
Potato and asparagus roots
Adventitious roots
Banyan tree roots
Prop roots
Corn roots
Stilt roots
Money plant and vanilla roots
Climbing roots
Orchids
Clinging roots
Talisay tree roots
Butress roots
Viacum and cuscuta
Sucking roots or haustoria
Jussiaea
Floating root
Water chestnut
Assimilatory root
Stem
Provides the main axis to which the leaves, flowers and the fruit attach
Can be woody and herbaceous
Potato, ginger and gabi stem
As food storage
Stem tendrils from axillary buds
Help support plants such as grapes, cucumber, watermelon and ampalaya
For defense
Thorns of the citrus
Stem of cactus
May photosynthesize
Stolons or runners
Stems extend laterally along the soil surface
Onion bulbs
Modified stem
Leaves
Site for photosynthesis
Leaf primordia
The first indication that a new leaf is on its way to maturity
Bulge
Leaf butress, elongates until a flattened blade appears attached to the petiole
Sessile leaves
Leaves with no petiole and attached directly to the stem
Mesophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place
Palisade mesophyll
A picket on cell layer thick mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Collection of photosynthetic cells thatare loosely arrange to allow good difusion of gasses
Leaf shapes and sizes
Inportant in the survival of plants
Thicker leaves
If water is limited
Smaller leaf blades
For areas with ating winds to minimize wind drag
Phyllotaxy
Arrangement of the leaves
Thigmotropism
The response of plants to touch
Floating leaves
Water likies and water spinach have extra cells between the mesophyll to allow bouyancy
Bracts
Extra layer of leaves underneath the flowers
