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Microbiology (2060) > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

Defenses of the host that are engrained

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the term that means “lack of resistance?”

A

Susceptibility

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2
Q

What are the two general kinds of resistance?

A

Innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific)

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3
Q

What are the partially water-proofing cells found in the top three layers of the epidermis?

A

keratin

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4
Q

Skin infections are more common when the skin is __________

A

Moist or broken

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5
Q

What is the scientific name of athlete’s foot?

A

Tinea pedis

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6
Q

What is the term for wearing away of the skin?

A

Abrasion

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7
Q

What is the term for a cut or break in the skin?

A

Laceration

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8
Q

What is the term for the membrane that lines all tracts open to the outside of the body that is made of stratified epithelium?

A

Mucous membrane

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9
Q

What produces tears?

A

The lacrimal apparatus

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10
Q

What is the antibacterial enzyme found in tears?

A

Lysozyme

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11
Q

What is the function of the mucociliary escalator?

A

Lines the respiratory tract and moves foreign objects back up the trachea and out the mouth

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12
Q

What type of bacterial are targeted by lysozyme?

A

Gram-positives

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13
Q

Why is lysozyme effective against gram-positive bacteria?

A

It targets peptidoglycan that is mainly found in gram-positives

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14
Q

What is the chemical function of sebaceous glands?

A

Secretion of sebum that lowers skin pH

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15
Q

What is the typical pH of gastric juice?

A

1.2-3.0

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16
Q

What is the typical pH of saliva?

A

6.55-6.85

17
Q

What is the typical pH of urine?

A

6

18
Q

What it the typical pH of the adult vagina?

A

3-5

19
Q

What is the typical pH of earwax?

A

3-5

20
Q

What two bacterial species have some resistance to gastric juice?

A

C. botulinum and S. aureus

21
Q

What bacteria neutralizes stomach acidity and can therefore cause stomach ulcers?

A

H. pylori

22
Q

What does the concentration of hydrogen atoms look like when the pH is low?

A

High concentration of hydrogen atoms

23
Q

What does the concentration of hydrogen atoms look like when the pH is high?

A

Low concentration of hydrogen atoms

24
Q
A

Microbiology (2060) (11 decks)

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