Innate Immunity

Question 1

Immunity definition

Answer 1

Immunity is the resistance of the body to the foreign substance , resistance of the host to the foreign microorganisms
Two types
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity

Question 2

Innate immunity means

Answer 2

Inborn immunity 
Depends on genetic and constitutional makeup
No memory 
No specificity 
No prior exposure required 
Limited diversity 
Within minutes it is activated

Question 3

What are MAMP

Answer 3

Molecular associates molecular patterns
Common patterns present on the microorganism
Ex peptidoglycan,liposaccrides,techoic acid, peptides

Question 4

PRR

Answer 4

Patterns recognition receptors, most important part of innate immunity.recognise the mamp

Eg located in the
plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Endovesicles

Toll like receptors

Question 5

What are the components of innate immunity

Answer 5

Anatomical barriers
Physiological barriers 
Phagocytes(macrophages,neutrophils,monocytes)
Nk cells
Mast cells,dendritic cells
Complement pathways 
Fever and inflammation 
Cytokines interleukin 1,6,8,12,16,18,
Interferon gamma
Acute phase proteins

Question 6

What are the anatomical barriers in the innate immune

Answer 6

Skin and mucosa
Skin:mechanically it does not allow
produces sebum and it contains anti microbial products
Killing of microbes bye intra epithelial lymphocytes

Mucosa
Prevent entry of microbes mechanically
Celia allows the microbes to go out
Normal flora present in respiratory system and gastrointestinal system compete with normalMicrobes

Question 7

What are physiological barriers

Answer 7

Temperature normal temperature does not allow microbes to grow
low pH of gastric juice does not allow them to grow
Secretory Products;
Saliva contains lysozyme
Tears contain lysozyme that destroy peptidoglycan layer of bacteria cell wall
gastric juice: kills microbes due to low pH
Bile salts interfere with bacterial cell membrane
Fatty acids denature bacterial proteins
Lactoferrin. To bind to iron and interferes iron uptake of bacteria

Question 8

What does the phagocytes do

Answer 8

Neutrophils,monocytes,macrophages
Firstly engulfment 
Phagosome
PhagolysosomE
Microbial killing

Question 9

What does nk cells do.?

Answer 9

They kill tumour cells and virus infected cells

Question 10

What are the cells which have both characteristics of acquired and innate immunity

Answer 10

Gamma delta cells also called infra epithelial cells
Nk T cells present in epithelium of lymphoid organs
B-I cells found in peritoneal and mucosal tissues
Marginal zone B cells- edge of lymphoid follicles of spleen