Blood Stream Infections

Question 1

Bacteremia

Answer 1

Presence of bacteria is called bacteraemia without multiplication

Question 2

What is septicaemia

Answer 2

Presence of bacteria circulating in blood with multiplication and producing the toxins

Question 3

How many types of bacteriamis are present

Answer 3

Transient
Intermidiate
Continuous

Question 4

What is transient bacteria is

Answer 4

Occurs spontaneously after the event
After chewing
Instrumentation
After the brushing teeth

Question 5

What is the continuous bacterimia

Answer 5

Organsims are present at constant rate

Occurs in
Septic shock
Endocarditis

Question 6

What is the intermidiate bacterimia

Answer 6

Bacteria is released intermittently
Undrained absesces
Also seen in meningitis pneumonia osteomyelitis

Question 7

What are the gram positive cocci involved in BSF

Answer 7

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus beta haemolytic
Enterococcus
Pnemococcus

Question 8

Gram negative cocci in being

Answer 8

Meningococcus

Question 9

Gram positive bacilli involved in the BSF

Answer 9

Lysteria

Bacteria antracis

Question 10

Gram negative bacilli involved in the situation

Answer 10

Pseudomonas
Ecoli 
Klebisells
Enterobacter
Haemophilus influenzas
Actinobacter

Question 11

Type of BSI

Answer 11

Intravascular

Extra vascular

Question 12

What are the predisposing factors of theBSI

Answer 12

Immunosupression
Use of broad spectrum antibiotics
Use of central line
Extensive surgeries

Question 13

What happens In the intravascular bsi

Answer 13

Infection of blood vessels
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Pericarditis

Question 14

What happens in the extra vascular bsi

Answer 14

Infections at primary site

They drained by the lymphatic

Entr the blood stream

Reaches organs and finally res

Escapes by several mechanism from res

And septicaemia

Question 15

What is the portal of entry

Answer 15

Genito urinary tract most common

Respiratory tract

Question 16

What is sofa score

Answer 16

It has 6 parameters
① central nervous system ~glass glow coma scale
2 respiratory system - respiratory system

3 cardiovascular system - map

4 liver- serum bilirubin

5 renal- serum creatinine and urine output

6 coagulation system- we cheack the platelet count

Question 17

How can diagnosis the organ dis function based on sofa core

And what is sofa

Answer 17

Sepsis realated organ function assessment

If the sofa score is >2 infection present
Acute change in the sofa score equal or more than 2 points

Question 18

What is quick sofa score

Answer 18

Respiratory rate more than 22
Altered mental status
Systolic bp< 100 mmhg

Question 19

How many stages does bsi have

Answer 19

Bacterimia stage
Septemic stage

Clinical conditions are seen in only i the September stage

Based on the severity and extent of damage
We can see
Sepsis
Septic shock

Question 20

What is sepsis definition

Answer 20

Life threatening organ disfunction

Caused by disregulated host response to the infection

Question 21

Defination of septic shock

Answer 21

Here the subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory abnormalities are profound

Question 22

How can we indentify person. With septic shock

Answer 22

Persistent hypotension is there and to maintain map more than 60 we are in need of vasoressors

Lactic acid levels are also very high> 2 mmmol despite of volume resuscitation

Question 23

Mortality rate of sepsis and septic shock respectively

Answer 23

10% and 40%

Question 24

Steps of blood collection techniqu

Answer 24

Blood always collected in pairs means one aerobic and other anaerobic
Fro 2 different sites
With proper decontamination

Before antimicrobial Theraph

Question 25

How much blood is collected from the adult

Answer 25

8-10 ml per bottle

Question 26

Blood for paediatric

Answer 26

1-3ml per bottle

Question 27

Ratio of blood : blood culture

Answer 27

1:1

Question 28

Steps of blood collection

Answer 28

Hand hygiene

Tourniquet

Palpate the vein and upside down 70%alcohol clean and wait 30 sec

Then chlorohexidine and povidone iodine disinfect the site inside out wait for 1min

Clean the tubes with alcohol

And draw the blood

Question 29

Types of media used are

Answer 29

Monophasic and biphasic

Monophasic here brain heart infusion is used

In biphasic BHi agar and broth both are used called Castaneda bi phasic medium

Question 30

Why sps is used

Answer 30

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate

Added as anticoagulant

Counteracts bacterial action on the blood

Question 31

How incubation is done

Answer 31

Bottles upright at 37*c for 7 days

Reports come in3 days
The. Subcultures are done on Mac conkey agar blood agar

Question 32

Vitek

Answer 32

It is a automated identification system other example is maldi