Innate immune system (second line)

Question 1

Mast cells

Answer 1

Cells that Settle in connective tissue and detect cellular damage and release histamines

Question 2

Histamine effects

Answer 2

Chemicals which cause:

• dilation of blood vessels
• blood vessels leak
• attract phagocytes

Question 3

Complement proteins and their effects

Answer 3

A set of proteins which are activated during inflammation.

Cause:

• make pathogens more recognisable
• create holes/puncture bacterial membrane causing it to rupture

Question 4

Inflammation

Answer 4

The body’s immune response to irritants such as pathogens. Characterised by swelling and redness

Question 5

Interferons

Answer 5

Signalling molecules secreted by infected cells that cause surrounding cells to be resistant to viral entry

Hint: interferon- interfere with viruses entering cells

Question 6

Natural killer cells

Answer 6

Lymphocytes that kill virally infected or cancerous cells. They kill by self antigen receptors and secrete death Ligands to cells without self antigens, initiating apoptosis in them