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questions i got wrong - gbe > Innate immune protection > Flashcards

Innate immune protection Flashcards

alistair question booklet theme 7

1
Q

Innate immunity
a. is specific to the pathogen
b. occurs within 4 hours
c. produces an immune memory
d. becomes effective after 96 hours
e. is mediated by the nervous system

A

b

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2
Q

Skin prevents entry of pathogens by
a. acting as a physical barrier only
b. production of mucus
c. production of fatty acids
d. the action of guard hairs
e. secretion of IgM

A

c

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3
Q

The main antipathogenic property of the stomach is
a. secretion of lysozyme
b. high H+ concentration
c. high pH
d. high temperature
e. Peyer’s patches

A

b

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4
Q

C3b causes
a. coagulation
b. production of the membrane attack complex
c. phagocyte recruitment
d. chemotaxis
e. fibrinolysis

A

b

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5
Q

The membrane attack complex forms from
a. C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
b. C3b
c. C2a, C3a, C4, C5, C6
d. C4a, C3b, C5a
e. C4, C2

A

a

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6
Q

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns are
a. present in all xenobiotics
b. labelling molecules added to a pathogen by the host
c. found in antibody but not antigen
d. present in pathogens but not hosts
e. specific to each pathogen

A

d

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7
Q

An example of a PAMP is
a. phosphatidylcholine
b. lipolenic acid
c. the CD4 receptor
d. lipoteichoic acid
e. sphingomyelin

A

d

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8
Q

Mannose-binding protein
a. is a TOLL-like receptor
b. is a NOD-like receptor
c. is found in the cytoplasm
d. is a collectin
e. is a PAMP

A

d

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9
Q

Pattern-recognition receptors in the cell membrane may be
a. PAMPs
b. NOD-like receptors
c. CD4 receptors
d. collectins
e. TOLL-like receptors

A

e

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10
Q

Neutrophils are
a. found in the blood stream only
b. long-lived
c. formed from monocytes
d. found in large numbers in the GI tract
e. a type of phagocyte

A

e

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11
Q

Digestive enzymes within phagocytes are stored in
a. the cytoplasm
b. phagosomes
c. lysosomes
d. pseudopodia
e. residual bodies

A

c

not b becuase Phagocytes engulf pathogens or foreign particles into vesicles called phagosomes. These phagosomes then fuse with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes. This fusion forms phagolysosomes, where the engulfed material is broken down and digested.

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12
Q

The respiratory burst
a. occurs most often within basophils
b. is catalysed by NADH oxidase
c. provides energy for pathogens
d. requires oxygen
e. produces reactive nitrogen species

A

d

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13
Q

Inducible NO synthase
a. damages body cells
b. is upregulated by interferon γ
c. neutralises reactive nitrogen species
d. occurs most often in eosinophils
e. induces TNF-α production

A

b

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14
Q

Cytokines
a. are usually carried in the blood
b. are either paracrine or autocrine in action
c. are released by granulocytes on degranulation
d. attract cells along chemical gradients
e. include interferons

A

b

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15
Q

NK cells are activeted by
a. interferons
b. viruses
c. antibodies
d. TOLL-like receptors
e. antigens

A

a

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16
Q

Lysis of virally-infected cells is carried out by
a. dentritic cells
b. macrophages
c. B cells
d. neutrophils
e. NK cells

A

e

17
Q

The innate immune system
a. does not interact with the active immune system
b. has roles including producing antibodies in response to PAMPs
c. has roles including presenting antigens to cells of the active immune system
d. responds to different classes of pathogen to the active immune system
e. consists of cells which absorb pathogens and are then destroyed by the active immune system

A

C

not E becuase while they can be involved in antigen presentation, their primary function is not just to be absorbed and destroyed by the active immune system

18
Q

Match the TOLL-like receptor to its ligand:
a. TLR-5
b. TLR-9
c. TLR-1 dimer, TLR-2/TLR-6 dimer
d. TLR-3
e. TLR-4 dimer (plus CD14)

i. Peptidoglycan, lipoproteins, lipoarabinomannan, GPI, zymosan ii. LPS (Gram-negative bacteria)
iii. dsDNA
iv. Unmethylated CpG DNA
v. methylated DNA
vi. RNA
vii. Flagellin
viii. mitochondrial tRNA

A

a. vii.
b. iv.
c. i.
d. iii.
e. ii.

19
Q

Match the pattern recognition receptor to its role:
a. collectin
b. TOLL-like receptor
c. NOD 1
d. NOD 2
i. binds to pathogens on the cell membrane

ii. binds to MHC receptors
iii. in serum, binds to collagen and immune system effectors
iv. in cytoplasm, binds to lectins
v. senses myristic acid
vi. senses γ-glutamyl diaminopimelic acid
vii. in serum, binds to sugar molecules on the pathogen and immune system effectors
viii. senses muramyl dipeptide

A

a. vii.
b. i.
c. vi.
d. viii.

questions i got wrong - gbe (22 decks)

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