Innate and Adaptive immunity Flashcards
When is a chemokine?
-Protein that attracts other cells
What is a cytokine?
-Proteins which alter the behaviour of other cells
How does endothelium become permeable upon infection/damage?
-Mast cells release histamine increasing vascular permeability as well as promotion by inflammatory mediators
What is opsonisation?
-Increasing bacteria’s susceptibility to phagocytosis by coating it in antibodies which are recognised by phagocytic cells
What are the consequences of inflammation?
- Calor (heat)
- Tumor (swelling)
- Rubor (redness)
- Dolor (pain)
- Functio laesa (loss of function)
What humoral component can block the action of viruses?
-Interferon
Which enzyme is specific in causing bacterial cell lysis?
-Lysozyme
What are the main general features of the innate immune system?
- Inbuilt immunity which is present at birth
- Not specific
- Not enhanced by secondary exposure
- Has no memory
- Uses cellular and humoral components
- Poorly effective without adaptive immunity
What are the main general features of the adaptive immune system?
- Acquired through exposure
- Pathogen specific through antibodies
- Enhanced by second exposure
- Uses cellular and humoral components
- Poorly effective without innate immunity
What are the specific cells in adaptive immunity
- B lyphocytes
- T lymphocytes
What are the main cells of innate immunity?
- Macrophage
- Neutrophils (PMN)
- Mast cells/basophil
- Natural killer cells
- Eosinophil
What is complement?
A cascade of proteins that results in bacterial cell lysis
Is complement part of the innate or adaptive immunity?
-Both
What is the relationship between T cells and B cells?
-Thelper cells present antigens to B cells which become active and secrete specific antibody
Where are macrophages derived from?
-Monocytes
What are the functions of macrophages?
- Phagocytosis (can produce more lysosomes as needed)
- Antigen presenting cells
- Release cytokines
What are the functions of the neutrophil?
- First cell to arrive in damage
- Phagocytosis
- Anti-bacterial (cannot synthesis more lysosomes once activated)
What are the functions of eosinophils?
- Anti-parasitic
- Allergy response
What are the functions of mast cells and basophils?
- Involved in allergy response and hypersensitivity
- Protection of mucosal surfaces
What is the function of natural killer cells?
-Causes apoptosis by pumping proteases through pores of the membranes in infected cells
What is the function of transferring and lactoferrin?
-Deprive the mico-organism of iron
What are the functions of interferon?
- Inhibits viral replication
- Activates other cells
What is the function of lysozyme and where can it be found?
- Breaks down peptidoglycan
- Serum and tears
What is the function of fibronectin?
-Coats bacteria to promote phagocytosis
