injury Flashcards
acute injury
occur suddenly during exercise/competition
pain felet staright awy
sympetoms
suddent pain
swelling
not being able to bear weight
chronic inury
occurs after playing psort for long period of time
often ignored by performers, whcih make injury worse
dull ache
swelling
example of chronic injuries
tennis elbow
archilles tendositis
example of actute injiries
fractures
striains
sprains
fractures
break or crack of bone
simple closed fracture-doesnt peentrtw through any surrounding tissue
complex open fracture-soft tissue is damaged
more serious as higher risk of infection
types of fractures
communited-where the bone breaks into 3 or more parts
spiral-a winding break
longitudinal-break which occurs along length of bone
buckle-bone deforms but does not break
hairline-a partical frcatire of bone, difficult to deetct
greeenstick-occurs i children
bone artly fractures on one side but does NOT break compeltly
disclocaitons
ends of bones are forced out of postion
often occur due to fall or contact with another player
strains
,sucle fibres are stretched too far and tear
contact with other players and when performer accelerates or declerates
sprains
where lgament os stretched too far and tears
due to lots of twiting or turning
archilles tendositis
pver use injury which causes pain and inflammation of tendon
stress fracture
over use injury where area becomes swollen and tender
tennis elbow
msucles and tneonds become inflammed and tiny tears occur at outside of elbow
area becoems sore and tendder
medial term=lacteral eposytosis
injury prevention techniques
screening-used to detect probelm early before any symptoms occur
e.g young athletes have CRy heart seceen
ECG-used to monitor and assess a performers heart
assessing muscle imbalances, core stretngth and range of joint movemnt, mobility
dis-not always 100 percent accurate
miss a probelem (false negaitve)
ideity a porblem which does not exist (false postive)
protective equipment
e.g gum shield on rugby, scrum cap, body armour
warm up-shudl always be done before exercise
1st stage-type of cariovascualr exercuise such as jogging
increases HR, increasing cardiac output, more blood is directed to workin msucles through vascualr shunt to working msyelf
sceond stage-stretching/flecibility
acitve-wokring on one joint, pushing it beyond its resistance
passive-using external force e.g partner or wall
ballistic-hopping, bouncing movements
static-no movemen
third stage-moevemtn partterns e.g pactising shooting in basketball/netball or dribbiling in football
taping or bracing
taping-weak joint can help with support and stability to reduce risk of injury
bracing-used to give extra stability to joints and musclea that are weeak or been preveiously injured
injudry rehabilition methods
proprioreceptive training-uses hopping, jumping and balcne exercises to restore lost proprioreceptors
amd teach body to control postion of an injured joint subconcisously
e.g balnce board so stadning on one with injured ankle strengthens joint at same time reeducates body to quickly react to wobbly moveent wihtout thinking about it
strength training
uses resistcne of some kind
free wights-e.g dumb bells and kettlebells have to be controlled when lifted
mahcine weights-used at early atsges of an injury as machine has lots of the control
threbands-made of latex
can choose resistnce can have different strenths
cryotherapy
use of cold temperatures to treat an injury
ice baths are form of cryotherapy
chamber is cooled by nitograen to temp below 100 degrees
pateint reamins in chamber for 3 mins
freezing gas surrounds body when blood from arms and legs flows towards core in attmetp to keep body warm and protect vital organs
when level chamber , bloood returnsback to arms and legs full of oxygen whicj helps injured cells
hyperbaric chamberss
chamber is pressured with 100 percent pure oxyegn
prssure increases increases how much oxgen can be rbethem on meaning more oxygen is diffisued intto onjured areas
compression garments
bused by athketes to help blood lactata removal and reduce inflammation and symotoms associated with DOMS
cyorthepay
uses cold temperatiers to treat injuries
chmaber is cooled h nitogren to bellow -100 degrees
blood direfted from ars and legs to core to try to keep body warm and protect vital organs
out of chamber, blood flwo is redirected to arms and legs full of oxygen which helps injured cells
hyperbaric chambers
chamber is oxideised with 100 percent pure oxygen
acute injuries-occur sucnenely/quickly
symptoms=suddent pain
swlling
not able to bear weight
fractures
sprains
strains
dicoloations
chronic ninjduries-over use injurt due to impact of in sport for long time
ofte inored making injury worse
arcjillse tensodition-inflation and pain of tendons
tennis elbo-inflation of msucles and tensons causing tiny tears in outside of elbow
stress fractiure0
injury prevention methods
screening
can be used to detect problem before sysmptoms occur
cry and ecg
used to assess and monitor performers heart
assess muscle imbalnecs, core strength and range of joint movement
dis-tests ae not 100 percent accurate
e.g false neagitve-miss porblem
flase postive-identify a probelm which does not exist
protective equipment
e.g rugby gum shield, scrum cap, body armour
warm up
reduces injury by increaseing elasticity of muscle tissue
should be carried out before exercise
first stage-cardiovascaulr exercise e.g jogging
gently increases HR, increases cariadc output and allows more blood to be redirected to working msuscles (vasualr shunt mechnisms)
second stage-stretching
passive usig external force e.g wall, partner
active focusing on one joint, pushing it beyond its resistnace
ststic-no movement
ballistic-e.g hopping, bouncing
theird atsge-movemnt patterns
taping-used for weak joints and msucles
bracing-used to give EXTRA stability to muscles and joits that are weak or previously been injuredd
injury rehabiliation mehtods
propriorecpetor training
using bouncing hopping movements to restore lost propriorecptors
e.g balance borad allows to teach body to control postion of an injured joint subconsciously
strengthens joint
strength trianing
using some form of resistance
fre wweights-tend to be used at later stages as have to control whilst lifting it
hyperbaric chambers
highly pressurised qith 100 percent pure oxygen
pressure increases how much oxygen can be breathed in meaning more oxygen is diffisued to injured area
excess oxygen can diffisue into blood plasma where it can reduce swelling and ncrease blood supply to inured site
cryotherpay
uses cold temperates to treat injuries
e.g crytoherapy chamber
chamber is cooled down by nitorgen to -100 degress
stand in for 3 mins
blood from arms and legs is directed twoards core to keep body warm and protetc vital organs
when out of chamber, blood is redirected to arms and legs contrianing more oxygen to heal injured cells
hydrotherapy
takes place in warm water
used to improve blood circualtion, relive pain and relax muscles
heated to around 34-37 degrees
increases blood circulation
adv-buyoncy of water helps to support body weight redcues load on joints and therefore allows more exercise then on permitted land
exercisng against resistnce helps strengthen injured area
compression garments
used to imporve blood laata removal and reduce both inflammation and symptoms associated with DOMS
massage
prevent or relive soft tissue injires
increases blood flow to sofy tissues
removes lactic acid
foam rollers
used to imporve mobility
help release tension and tightness in muscle
benefits of coldness after exercise
causes vasocnstriction which reduces blood flow and reduces any swelling
also reduces muscle spasms
what is the deepest part of sleep called
the third stage of non-rem sleep
brain waves are the slowest and blood flow is driceted away from brain and twoards muscles to restore energy
importance of nutrioton
dueing exercise muscle glycogn stores decrease so need to be replesnsiehed when exercise finished
combination of protein and carbs helps body resythesis muscle glyocgn more effectively
scalar quanity
measures only size or maginute
e.g speed, mass and distance
vector quanity
measures both size and direction
e.g weigt, accleration and displacemnt
distance
path a body takes from stating to fijnsihing position
scalr wuanity beacuse just measures size
displacement
shortest route in stright ine from starting point to finishing POSITION
vecytor quannaity
acceleration
rate of changes in velocity
mass
quannaity of matter the body possesses
speed
measurement of how fast body moves
rate of changes of distance
distance covered/time taken
velocity
rate of change of displacement
momenetum
massx velocity
start of race impulse
after leaving blocks
net impulse is postive which shows sprinter is accelerating
middlle of race
both negative and postive impluses are equal
means no aceleration or decleration, sprinter runner at constant velcoity
end of race
neagitve impluse showing sprinter declerating
