Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards
The Barbiturate drugs
Thiopental
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital
What are the 3 classes of injectable anesthetics?
Barbiturates
Non-Barbiturate/Hypnotics
Dissociatives
The Non-Barbiturate drugs
Propofol
Etomidate
The Dissociative drugs
Ketamine
Tiletamine
Can injectable anesthetics produce unconsciousness when given alone?
Yes
Can injectable anesthesia provide analgesia or muscle relaxation?
No
Barbiturates are derivatives of this acid
Barbituric acid
This class of injectable anesthetic is controlled
Barbiturates
This class of injectable anesthetic does not have a reversal agent
Barbiturates
The classes of Barbiturates are based on this
Duration of action
Drug with Ultra short Duration of action
Thiopental
Drug with short Duration of action
Pentobarbital
Drug with long-acting Duration of action
Phenobarbital
Which barbiturates are no longer used as anesthetics?
Most intermediate and long acting
What are the 2 sub classes of Barbiturates based on chemical structure?
Oxybarbiturates
Thiobarbiturates
Which drugs are Oxybarbiturates?
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Methohexital
Which drugs are Thibarbiturates
Thiopental
Thiamylal
Which is the only barbiturate used in sx?
Thiopental
Which barbiturate is used as an anticonvulsant?
Phenobarbital
This class mimics GABA
Barbiturates
This class depresses impulses to cerebral cortex
Barbiturates
Factors that affect potency, onset, and duration of action of barbiturates
Ionization
Protein binding
Lipid solubility
Non-polar form of barbiturate drug passes through this
Cell membrane
Acidosis increases this
Non-ionized form of the drug
Drug amounts to the brain
What should be done to the dose of a barbiturate if given to an acidotic animal?
Lower dose
Protein binding drugs travel in this
In blood bound to a protein
An unbound drug can enter here
Brain
This results in more free drug
Hypoproteinemia
If hypoproteinemia occurs, normal drug (barbiturate) dose may actually produce this
Prolonged unconsciousness or death
What is lipid solubility?
The tendency of the drug to dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids
Lipid solubility affects this
The ability to penetrate the cell membrane fatty layer
High solubility of barbiturates results in this drug
Ultra-short acting
Rapid tissue redistribution
Moderate solubility of barbiturates results in this drug
Short-acting
Which acting type (ultra short, short, long acting) drug is metabolized by the liver
Short-acting
Which acting type (ultra short, short, long acting) drug is metabolized by the kidneys
Long acting
Low lipid solubility results in this drug
Long acting
Thiopental is given this route
IV
You should not give repeated doses of this drug
Thiopental
What are the effects of barbiturates on dogs with little fat?
Prolonged recovery
Drug lasts longer on the CNS
Which category of drugs an cause sloughing of the tissues if given outside the vein?
Barbiturates
The solution to pollution is what?
Dilution
Chronic admin. of phenobarbital leads to this
Increased activity of the enzyme MFO, leading to tolerance
MFO
Mixed Function Oxidase
Don’t use Thiopental is this is present
Precipitate
Avoid use of this drug in sight hounds
Thiopental
Pentobarbital is largely replaced by this drug
Propofol
