Common Surgical Procedures Flashcards
Tail Docking in Puppies
Partial amputation of the tail
Indications for Tail Docking in puppies
Usually for aesthetic purposes (breed standards), but could be for traumatic injury
How old does a puppy have to be for a tail docking procedure?
3-5 days old
Is anesthesia used in a tail docking procedure on a puppy?
No
Tail Amputation in Adults
Partial removal of the tail
Indications for tail amputations in adults
Usually performed due to injury or chronic disease
Where is the tourniquet placed for a tail amputation?
Base of the tail
Dewclaw removal in puppies
Amputation of the vestigial 1st digit and claw on the medial aspect of each limb (if present)
Indications for dewclaw removal in puppies
Performed for aesthetic purposes, or to prevent potential injury
Dewclaw Removal in Adults
Amputation of the vestigial 1st and claw on the medial aspect of each limb (if present)
Indications for dewclaw removal in adults
Performed for aesthetic purposes, or to prevent potential injury
Where is the declaw excised in adults?
Excuses at the base, through joint not bone
Onychectomy
(Declawing)
Removal of the claw and the associated phalanx on each digit(P3)
Indications for onychectomy
Elective procedure that usually involves only the front feet to prevent scratching issues
Surgery site for onychectomy is scrubbed but not necessarily ______
Clipped
This is not recommended to do before an onychectomy
Trim the nails
Where and how long is a tourniquet placed for an onychectomy procedure?
Tourniquet is placed distal to the elbow, not proximal, for no longer than 1.5 hours
Why shouldn’t a tourniquet be placed proximal to the elbow?
May cause permanent radial nerve damage
What are the 3 techniques for performing an onychectomy?
Scalpel
Rescoe nail trimmer
Laser
Why shouldn’t alcohol be used when using the laser technique for an onychectomy?
It could cause a fire
When and how long are the feet bandaged for a patient undergoing an onychectomy?
Feet are bandaged while the patient is still under anesthesia and should remain in place for 24 hours
This should be avoided post an onychectomy procedure
Clay/sand litter should be avoided for 10 days post surgery
When should the sensitivity to the limbs after an onychectomy improve?
Should improve within 2 weeks of surgery
Canine Castration is aka
Orchidectomy
Orchiectomy
Neuter
Canine Castration
Removal of both testicles
Indications for a canine castration
Usually performed to prevent unwanted impregnation, roaming, or aggressive behaviors.
Medial indications include prostate disorders, perinanal tumors, perineal hernias, and testicular tumors
How old should the patient be for a canine castration?
6 months of age
What should you make sure of before the surgery begins?
Be sure that both testicles are present in the scrotum
How should the patient be clipped for a canine castration?
From tip of the prepuce to the abdominal/scrotal skin margin, and wide laterally to the inguinal region
What is the difference with positioning a dog and a cat for a neuter?
Cat- rear legs pulled cranially
Dog- rear legs stretched caudally
What is the difference with prepping a cat and dog for a neuter?
Cat- pluck hair, avoid alcohol (use saline instead)
Dog- shave hair, can use alcohol (avoid shaving scrotum{clip instead}, cause irritation)
What is the difference with incision location on a cat and dog for a neuter?
Cat- scrotal
Dog- prescrotal
What is the difference with closure of the incision on a cat and dog for a neuter?
Cat- open
Dog- sutured closed
What is performed before the site is scrubbed for a canine castration?
A preputial flush
What 2 layers get sutured after a canine castration?
SQ and Skin
What can excessive hemorrhage into the scrotal sac lead to?
Can lead to scrotal hematoma which can be severely painful and may necessitate a scrotal ablation
Feline Castration
Removal of both testicles
Indications for feline castration
Performed to prevent fighting, roaming, spraying, and to decrease urine odor
At what age is a feline castration performed?
6 months
Frequently being performed as early as 3 months
Celiotomy is aka
Laparotomy
Celiotomy
A surgical incision into the abdominal cavity
What is the location of incision for a Celiotomy
Ventral midline is the most common
Indications for Celiotomy
OHEs Intestinal biopsies Cystotomies C-sections GI surgeries Abdominal cryptorchidectomies Splenectomies Diaphragmic hernias Exploratory surgeries
How should a patient be clipped for a Celiotomy?
Clipped from xiphoid to the pubis
Laterally should extend to the edge of the ribs
What kind of pads should be used during a Celiotomy if refractors are necessary?
Moistened laparotomy pads
In a Celiotomy, closure is performed in these 3 layers
Linea alba
Subcutaneous fat
Skin
Ovariohysterectomy is aka
Spay
Ovariohysterectomy
Surgical excision of the ovaries and uterus
Indications for ovariohysterectomy
Procedure performed to prevent pregnancy Correct hormonal imbalances Prevent and treat uterine infections Cysts Tumors Correct undesirable behaviors and congenital deformities
When is an ovariohysterectomy recommended?
Recommended before the first heat cycle in dogs
At what age is an ovariohysterectomy usually performed?
Between 4 and 6 months of age
When should a dog have to wait for an ovariohysterectomy? How long?
3-4 months post estrus
6-8 weeks postpartum
What tool is used to retrieve the uterine horns?
Spay hook
Where is the surgical incision made for an ovariohysterectomy ?
Ventral midline incision made caudal to the umbilicus
Which ovary is easier to remove in an ovariohysterectomy ?
Left ovary! More caudal location within the abdomen
Pyometra
Infection/fluid accumulation within the lumen of the uterus due to endometrial hyperplasia
What causes Pyometra?
Progesterone production
When does Pyometra occur?
1-2 months after a heat cycle
Because animals are generally compromised pre-operatively in Pyometra cases, what should be done?
Fluid and antibiotic therapy should be instituted prior surgery
What should not be performed on animals with Pyometra?
Cystocentesis
Cesarean section
Laparotomy performed to remove neonate a from the uterus
In what position should an animal be kept for a c-section?
Lateral recumbency
Why are c-section patients clipped before they are anesthetized?
To minimize length under anesthesia
Doxapram
Respiratory stimulant
Cystotomy
Incision into the urinary bladder
Inductions for a Cystotomy
Usually performed to removed stones, repair rupture, removed tumors, or correct congenital defects
What is usually done in Cystotomy patients to facilitate urethral flushing/stone removal?
Place urinary catheters
Lumpectomy
Surgical incision of a mass in the skin or SQ tissues
Indications for lumpectomy
Suspected neoplasia, aesthetics
What do we check for in lumpectomy patients?
Metastasis
Mastectomy
Removal of a mammary gland
Radical mastectomy
Removal of a chain of mammary glands
Indications for mastectomy
Suspected neoplasia
There is a significantly higher chance of a dog developing mamma my cancer if what?
If it is spayed AFTER its forts estrus
This percentage of mammary tumors are malignant in dogs
50%
This percentage of mammary tumors are malignant in cats
80-90%
