injectable anesthetic agents (lect 6-8)

Question 1

laryngeal reflex abolished, no eyeball movement, sluggish palpebral reflex, corneal reflex

Answer 1

Stage III

Question 2

pupils widely dilated

Answer 2

Stage IV

Question 3

injectable anesthetics have to be unbound to

Answer 3

cross the BBB

most inj anx are highly protein bound

Question 4

Amount of non-ionized drug depends on

Answer 4

pKa of drug

Question 5

Accidental perivascular injection of Thiopental causes

Answer 5

skin sloughing, dilute with saline solution at injection site.
ALSO, Thiopental causes splenomegaly (blood engorgement)

Question 6

Thiopental causes a dose dependent reduction of

Answer 6

CO, SV, and systemic vascular resistance

Transient vasodilation and reflex tachycardia, increases the incidence of arrhythmias

Question 7

Thiopental in Greyhounds

Answer 7

defect in hepatic metabolic pathway

Extremely long recovery

Question 8

Propofol decreases

Answer 8

ICP and CMRO2

Question 9

How does proposal affect respiration

Answer 9

very respiratory depressant, especially if injected FAST

Question 10

How does proposal affect CO and BP

Answer 10

causes reduced CO due to reduced contractility, reduces BP by vasodilation.

Question 11

Propofol and Cats

Answer 11

CRI and repeated administration may cause Heinz body anemia due to oxidative damage to hemoglobin, and prolonged recovery due to limited ability to metabolize phenosis

Question 12

Etomidate causes suppression of

Answer 12

adrenal steroidogenesis

Question 13

Etomidate inhibits

Answer 13

cortisol and aldosterone synthesis

Question 14

Etomidate is contraindicated in

Answer 14

pre-existing adrenocortical suppression

Question 15

Dissociative anesthetic agents

Answer 15

Ketamine
Tiletamine
Phencyclidine (no longer used)

Question 16

Dissociative anesthetic agents

hypnotic? analgesia? muscle relaxant?

Answer 16

Poor hypnotic

Good analgesia

Poor muscle relaxant→ antagonist at NMDA and other glutamate receptors.

Question 17

Contraindications of Ketamine

Answer 17

increased ICP (trauma, brain tumor)

hepatic/renal disease

risk of seizure (epilepsy, myelography)

increased IOP (corneal injuries, cataract surgeries)

some CV diseases (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valvular stenosis, congestive heart failure).

Question 18

Guaifenesin (GG)

Answer 18

not an anesthetic – no unconsciousness. No analgesia. No cardiac depression, centrally acting muscle relaxant (little effect on diaphragm, respiration maintained).

Pure muscle relaxant.