Inheritence Flashcards

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1
Q

Gene

A

Sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that codes for a protein

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2
Q

Allele

A

Different version of a gene

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3
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic constitution of an organism

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4
Q

Phenotype

A

Expression of the genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment

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5
Q

Dominant

A

Allele whose characteristic appears in the phenotype

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6
Q

Recessive

A

Allele whose characteristic is only present in the phenotype when two copies are present

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7
Q

Codominent

A

Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype

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8
Q

Locus

A

Fixed position of a gene on a chromosome

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9
Q

Homozygote

A

Organism that carries two copies of the same allele

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10
Q

Heterozygote

A

Organism that carries two different alleles

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11
Q

Carrier

A

A person carrying an allele which is not expressed in the phenotype but that can be passed on to offspring

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12
Q

What are autosomal genes

A

Genes that aren’t linked to see chromosomes

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13
Q

Genes on the same autosome are

A

Linked

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14
Q

Why are autosomes linked

A

They stay together during the independent segregation of chromosomes and their alleles will be passed on to the offspring together

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15
Q

Why can autosomal genes not be passed on

A

Crossing over splits them before independent segregation occurs

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16
Q

The closer the genes are on the autosome,

A

The more closely they are linked because crossing over is less likely to split them up

17
Q

What is epistasis

A

The allele of one gene masks the expression of the alleles of other genes