Diversity And Selection Flashcards
How is a genetic bottleneck caused
Natural disaster
Reduces gene pool
Reproduce with less genes
How is the founder effect caused
Small population break away from main population
Smaller gene pool
Reproduce
Natural selection
Mutation Beneficial alleles Non adapted die Beneficial more likely passed on Reproduce Evolution
What are behavioural adaptations
Way organism acts to increase its chance of survival
What are physiological adaptations
Processes inside the body that increase chances of survival
What are anatomical adaptations
Structural features of organism that increase chance of survival
What is directional selection
Individuals with alleles for characteristics of an extreme type are more likely to survive and reproduce
Stabilising selection is
Where individuals with alleles for characteristic towards the middle of a range are more likely to survive and reproduce
Taxonomy hierarchy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Give reasons why animals use courtship behaviour
Identify same species Prevents interbreeding Makes reproduction more successful Identify opposite gender Use it to classify organisms Workout how closely related organisms are
Genome sequencing classifies organisms how
Compare DNA base sequences
The more similar they are the more closely related they are
Compare amino acids to classify organisms because
Amino acids make proteins
Proteins coded by DNA
Related organisms have similar DNA sequences so have similar amino acid sequences
immunological comparisons to classify organisms because
Similar proteins will bind to the same antibodies
Proteins form a precipitate when bind to antibodies in solution
More antibodies the protein binds, the more precipitate formed
Amount of precipitate can be compared to see how similar proteins are
Similar proteins mean related organisms
Proteins coded for by DNA and related organisms share similar DNA sequences
Biodiversity is
Variety of living organisms in an area
Habitat is
Place where an organism lives
