Inheritance Flashcards
Who was Gregor Mendel?
He was a monk from Austria who studied inheritance in garden pea plants. Born in 1843 and is called the father of genetics.
What is pollen?
Tiny granules that contain the male sex cell of seed plants.
What are eggs?
A sex cell that is produced by the female.
What is the ovule
Where the eggs are located in the flower.
What is pollination
The process where pollen is transferred from the male reproductive structures to the female structures of seed plants.
What are self pollinating plants?
Plants that have both male and female reproductive structures and can transfer its own pollen to its own ovule.
What are true breeding plants.
Plants that always have offspring that have the same traits.
What is cross pollination.
Cross Pollination is when pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule of a flower on a different plant.Pollen can be carried by the wind or animals like birds or insects.
Define characteristics
A feature that has different forms.
Define traits.
The different forms of characteristics.
What are genes.
Genes are are the instructions for inherited traits.
Define alleles.
The different forms of a gene are called alleles. Offspring have 2 alleles for every trait. These alleles can be dominant (big letter) or recessive (lowercase letter
What is phenotype
Phenotype is how that characteristic looks in the organism.
What is genotype
Genotype is shows the combinations of alleles.
Define homozygous
Homozygous is the term used when both alleles are the same like pp or PP.
Define heterozygous
The term used when two alleles are different like,Pp
Describe punnet squares.
Punnet squares are used to organize all the possible combinations of offspring from two parents. They show the probability or the mathematical chance that something will happen. (Every event is independent of the event that came before it)
Describe Mendel’s first experiment .
Mendel studied 7 different characteristics . He crossed true breeding plants together. He called the offspring the first generation.
What is a dominant trait?
The trait that always appeared in each cross. For example, if he crossed purple and white flowers he always got purple .
What is a recessive trait?
A trait that seems to disappear or recede(to back off).
What happened in Mendel’s second experiment .
He allowed the first generation flowers to self pollinate . He saw that the recessive trait seemed to appear in the second generation . He calculated the ratios of dominant to recessive traits and realized that each plant must carry two sets of instructions for each characteristic.
