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Biology > Inheritance > Flashcards

Inheritance Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid stores genetic information and controls cell activity.

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2
Q

What shape is DNA

A

Double helix shape

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of nitrogenous base

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine

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4
Q

What is adenine ALWAYS paired to?

A

Thymine

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5
Q

What is cytosine ALWAYS paired to?

A

Guanine

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6
Q

How are nucleotides joined together?

A

Covalent bonds

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7
Q

What do nucleotides consist of?

A

They consist of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base

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8
Q

RNA is _________

A

Single-stranded

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9
Q

How does RNA differ from DNA

A

-RNA is single stranded whilst DNA is double stranded

-RNA has a sugar called ribose while DNA has a sugar called deoxyribose

-RNA has the base Uracil instead of Thymine!

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10
Q

Where is messenger RNA (mRNA) formed?

A

It is formed in the nucleus of the cell.

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11
Q

What process does mRNA do

A

Transcription

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12
Q

Role of mRNA

A

mRNA carries the code for building a specific protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

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13
Q

Role of transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

-Picks up specific amino acids from the cytoplasm and brings them into position on the surface of a ribosome

-This is called translation

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14
Q

What is a gene

A

A gene is a length of DNA which codes for a protein

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15
Q

What is the term for every three bases

A

A codon

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16
Q

What is an allele?

A

An allele codes for different forms of a protein

17
Q

Where is DNA wrapped up in?

A

Chromosomes

18
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

A

23 pairs

19
Q

What is mitosis

A

Cell division which produces genetically identical daughter cells. These cells are diploid.

20
Q

What is meiosis

A

Meiosis is cell division that produces haploid gametes, these are not genetically identical and are used for sexual reproduction.

21
Q

What is genetic variation

A

Organisms all have different versions of genes which make them different

22
Q

What does homozygous mean

A

When a chromosome has the same allele (AA or aa)

23
Q

What is heterozygous

A

When a chromosome has both alleles (Aa)

24
Q

What does dominant allele mean

A

It only needs one allele present to be expressed

25
Q

What does recessive allele mean

A

It needs two alleles to be present to be expressed

26
Q

What does genotype mean

A

Genotype is the combination of alleles (Tt or TT or tt)

27
Q

What does phenotype mean

A

Phenotype is the characteristic that is actually displace. e.g t is dwarf and T is tall

Tt results in the phenotype Tall

28
Q

What is codominance

A

Some alleles don’t show a perfect dominant: recessive relationship but have three possible phenotypes with only two alleles.

29
Q
A

Biology (22 decks)

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