Functions in living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + ATP)

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2
Q

What is respiration

A

Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose.

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3
Q

word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

A

glucose —–> lactic acid (+energy)

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4
Q

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

A

Glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6 H12 O2 + 6O2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H20

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6
Q

What are carbohydrates made up from?

A

Simple sugars such as maltose containing Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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7
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Amino acids containing carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

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8
Q

What are lipids made up of

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

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9
Q

Function of Carbohydrates

A

Primary source of energy in the body

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10
Q

Function of Lipids

A

Secondary source of energy, acts as an energy store and provides insulation

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11
Q

Function of protein

A

-Needed for muscle growth and repair

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12
Q

Function of Vitamin A

A

Helps improve vision and keeps skin healthy

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13
Q

Function of Vitamin C

A

Needed to prevent scurvy

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14
Q

Function of Vitamin D

A

needed for calcium absorption

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15
Q

Function of Mineral ion calcium

A

Needed to make bones and teeth

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16
Q

Function of mineral ion Iron

A

Needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

17
Q

Function of water

A

Every bodily function requires water, we need a constant supply of water to replace any lost through swearing, urinating

18
Q

Function of Fibre

A

Aids the movement of food through the gut

19
Q

3 factors affecting energy requirements

A

Activity level

Age

Pregnancy

20
Q

What is diffusion

A

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentation

21
Q

What is the relationship between surface area and rate of diffusion

A

The higher the surface area the more diffusion that can occur

22
Q

What does plasma transport

A

-Red and white blood cells

-Digested food products

-Carbon dioxide

-Urea

-Hormones

-Heat energy

23
Q

What are the 4 main components in blood

A

Plasma, Platelets, Red blood cells and White blood cells

24
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to carrying oxygen

A

-They are small and have a biconcave shape for a larger SA

  • They contain haemoglobin

-They don’t have a nucleus, there’s more space to carry oxygen

25
Q

What are the 3 blood vessels and their roles

A

Arteries - carry blood away from the heart

Veins- Carry blood towards the heart

Capillaries - These are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues

26
Q

Structure of arteries

A

-Narrow lumen to carry blood at high pressure

-Thick elastic walls

27
Q

Structure of capillaries

A

-Wall is one cell thick, increasing rate of diffusion

-Permeable walls

-very small lumen

28
Q

Structure of veins

A

-Large lumen - carries blood at low pressure
-Thin elastic walls

-veins to prevent backflow

29
Q

What does pulmonary mean?

A

It means its to do with the lungs

30
Q

What does hepatic mean?

A

It means to do with the liver

31
Q

What does Renal mean?

A

Means to do with the kidneys

32
Q

Why does vital capacity change with age

A

-Up until about 25 years old, you grow meaning lungs will grow bigger but after that intercostal muscles become weaker.