Functions in living organisms

Question 1

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 1

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water + ATP)

Question 2

What is respiration

Answer 2

Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose.

Question 3

word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 3

glucose —–> lactic acid (+energy)

Question 4

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 4

Glucose —-> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 5

Balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 5

C6 H12 O2 + 6O2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 6

What are carbohydrates made up from?

Answer 6

Simple sugars such as maltose containing Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 7

What are proteins made up of

Answer 7

Amino acids containing carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 8

What are lipids made up of

Answer 8

Fatty acids and glycerol

Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 9

Function of Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Primary source of energy in the body

Question 10

Function of Lipids

Answer 10

Secondary source of energy, acts as an energy store and provides insulation

Question 11

Function of protein

Answer 11

-Needed for muscle growth and repair

Question 12

Function of Vitamin A

Answer 12

Helps improve vision and keeps skin healthy

Question 13

Function of Vitamin C

Answer 13

Needed to prevent scurvy

Question 14

Function of Vitamin D

Answer 14

needed for calcium absorption

Question 15

Function of Mineral ion calcium

Answer 15

Needed to make bones and teeth

Question 16

Function of mineral ion Iron

Answer 16

Needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

Question 17

Function of water

Answer 17

Every bodily function requires water, we need a constant supply of water to replace any lost through swearing, urinating

Question 18

Function of Fibre

Answer 18

Aids the movement of food through the gut

Question 19

3 factors affecting energy requirements

Answer 19

Activity level

Age

Pregnancy

Question 20

What is diffusion

Answer 20

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentation

Question 21

What is the relationship between surface area and rate of diffusion

Answer 21

The higher the surface area the more diffusion that can occur

Question 22

What does plasma transport

Answer 22

-Red and white blood cells

-Digested food products

-Carbon dioxide

-Urea

-Hormones

-Heat energy

Question 23

What are the 4 main components in blood

Answer 23

Plasma, Platelets, Red blood cells and White blood cells

Question 24

How are red blood cells adapted to carrying oxygen

Answer 24

-They are small and have a biconcave shape for a larger SA

• They contain haemoglobin

-They don’t have a nucleus, there’s more space to carry oxygen

Question 25

What are the 3 blood vessels and their roles

Answer 25

Arteries - carry blood away from the heart

Veins- Carry blood towards the heart

Capillaries - These are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues

Question 26

Structure of arteries

Answer 26

-Narrow lumen to carry blood at high pressure

-Thick elastic walls

Question 27

Structure of capillaries

Answer 27

-Wall is one cell thick, increasing rate of diffusion

-Permeable walls

-very small lumen

Question 28

Structure of veins

Answer 28

-Large lumen - carries blood at low pressure
-Thin elastic walls

-veins to prevent backflow

Question 29

What does pulmonary mean?

Answer 29

It means its to do with the lungs

Question 30

What does hepatic mean?

Answer 30

It means to do with the liver

Question 31

What does Renal mean?

Answer 31

Means to do with the kidneys

Question 32

Why does vital capacity change with age

Answer 32

-Up until about 25 years old, you grow meaning lungs will grow bigger but after that intercostal muscles become weaker.