Inheritance 👨👩👧👦 Flashcards
What happens in mitosis?
One cell is copied into 2 identical cells
What cells have chromosomes that are not paired?
Gametes or sex cells 
Sperm and egg cells
Human gametes
Type of process are gametes made?
Made in the cell division Meiosis
What does meiosis produce?
Non-Identical cells
Where in plants do meiosis take place?
Flowering plants- pollen and egg cells
What do animal and flowering plants carry out to reproduce?
Sexual reproduction
Explain sexual reproduction
Fusion of male and female gametes
Fertilisation
Mixing of genetic info - Offspring receive genetic information from male and female parents
Every dummy is different so we’ll see variation in offspring
Explain asexual reproduction?
Only one parent
Not require gametes and there’s no mixing of genetic information
Offspring is genetically identical -clones 
Give a plant example of asexual reproduction?
Buds
They drop off and grow into new plants
Offspring plants are genetically identical to the parent their clones
Where does meiosis take place?
And reproductive organs - testes -men ovaries - women
Explain the stages of meiosis
1.Genetic material in a Cell in a human reproductive organ Is copied
- Cell divides into two
3.They then divide one more time forming 4 non-identical gametes - Chromosomes are single

What happens to the number of chromosomes after fertilisation?
It gets back to the normal number of chromosomes which is 23
Each gamete has a single 23 Chromosome which joins to form to 23 chromosome pairs
What happens to the number of chromosomes in the Meiosis?
It’s halved 
What happens to cells after they’ve gone through fertilisation?
They divide by mitosis produce in a clump of identical cells
This is called an embryo
As the Embryo Develops it differentiates to form in different cell types
This could be nerve cells or muscle cells In animals
What are the positives of sexual reproduction?
There is a variation of genetic information which leads to a variation of offsprings making them more able to adapt to environment changes making the more likely to survive
SURVIVAL ADVANTAGE
This is good for selective breeding The strains lead to a production of high-Yield quality drops
What are the positives of asexual reproduction?
Only one parrot is needed and there’s no need to find A mate so it’s quicker and more efficient
Extremely useful when the conditions are favourableProduces clones rapidly
Why is asexual reproduction risky
Cause they’re genetically identical there is a risk that they could all die if conditions become unfavourable
How does a mosquito Host reproduce
Asexually 
inSide of the mosquito How does theMalaria parasite reproduce?
Sexually
How do you fungus reproduce
Fungus- reproduce spores  Asexually
How do you plants ReProduce?
Sexually through seeds or asexually like Strawberry plants they send out the runners when the runners touch the soil it can develop a new project l genetically identical to the parent
What is the structure of DNA
Double helix polymer covalently bonded
What is a gene?
Small section of DNA
How are proteins made
By joining together amino acids
