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Biology 🧬 > Inheritance 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 > Flashcards

Inheritance 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens in mitosis?

A

One cell is copied into 2 identical cells

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2
Q

What cells have chromosomes that are not paired?

A

Gametes or sex cells 

Sperm and egg cells

Human gametes

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3
Q

Type of process are gametes made?

A

Made in the cell division Meiosis

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4
Q

What does meiosis produce?

A

Non-Identical cells

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5
Q

Where in plants do meiosis take place?

A

Flowering plants- pollen and egg cells

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6
Q

What do animal and flowering plants carry out to reproduce?

A

Sexual reproduction

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7
Q

Explain sexual reproduction

A

Fusion of male and female gametes

Fertilisation

Mixing of genetic info - Offspring receive genetic information from male and female parents

Every dummy is different so we’ll see variation in offspring

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8
Q

Explain asexual reproduction?

A

Only one parent

Not require gametes and there’s no mixing of genetic information

Offspring is genetically identical -clones 

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9
Q

Give a plant example of asexual reproduction?

A

Buds
They drop off and grow into new plants
Offspring plants are genetically identical to the parent their clones

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10
Q

Where does meiosis take place?

A

And reproductive organs - testes -men ovaries - women

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11
Q

Explain the stages of meiosis

A

1.Genetic material in a Cell in a human reproductive organ Is copied

  1. Cell divides into two

3.They then divide one more time forming 4 non-identical gametes - Chromosomes are single



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12
Q

What happens to the number of chromosomes after fertilisation?

A

It gets back to the normal number of chromosomes which is 23

Each gamete has a single 23 Chromosome which joins to form to 23 chromosome pairs

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13
Q

What happens to the number of chromosomes in the Meiosis?

A

It’s halved 

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14
Q

What happens to cells after they’ve gone through fertilisation?

A

They divide by mitosis produce in a clump of identical cells

This is called an embryo

As the Embryo Develops it differentiates to form in different cell types
This could be nerve cells or muscle cells In animals

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15
Q

What are the positives of sexual reproduction?

A

There is a variation of genetic information which leads to a variation of offsprings making them more able to adapt to environment changes making the more likely to survive

SURVIVAL ADVANTAGE

This is good for selective breeding The strains lead to a production of high-Yield quality drops

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16
Q

What are the positives of asexual reproduction?

A

Only one parrot is needed and there’s no need to find A mate so it’s quicker and more efficient

Extremely useful when the conditions are favourableProduces clones rapidly

17
Q

Why is asexual reproduction risky

A

Cause they’re genetically identical there is a risk that they could all die if conditions become unfavourable

18
Q

How does a mosquito Host reproduce

A

Asexually 

19
Q

inSide of the mosquito How does theMalaria parasite reproduce?

A

Sexually

20
Q

How do you fungus reproduce

A

Fungus- reproduce spores  Asexually

21
Q

How do you plants ReProduce?

A

Sexually through seeds or asexually like Strawberry plants they send out the runners when the runners touch the soil it can develop a new project l genetically identical to the parent

22
Q

What is the structure of DNA

A

Double helix polymer covalently bonded

23
Q

What is a gene?

A

Small section of DNA

24
Q

How are proteins made

A

By joining together amino acids

25
Q

What does each gene do to make a specific protein?

A

And the code for a specific sequence of amino acids

26
Q

What is the Genome?

A

The Entire genetic material of An organism or human 

27
Q

What does understanding the human genome lead us to understand? 3)

A

Human migratory History
understand how to treat inherited disorders
and Search genes linked to diseases

28
Q

What is DNA?

A

A polymer of molecules called nucleotides

29
Q

Describe a nucleotide

A

phosphate Sugar base

Circle Pentagon rectangle

30
Q

the phosphate and the sugar group never..?

A

Change

31
Q

What are the four different bases and what did they join with?

A

A-T

G-C

32
Q

What are DNA strands?

A

Complimentary

33
Q

What does the order of the amino acid Determine?

A

Shape of the protein

34
Q

Does the shape of the protein determine?

A

The function of the protein

35
Q

What is the Order of amino acids Determined by

A

Because of bases in the gene for example AT GC

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